基于捐赠土壤种子库方法的沙丘植被恢复模拟实验  

Simulation experiments on the restoration of dune vegetation based on the donated soil seed bank method

作　　者：苏宇航 姜艳[1,2] 王永翠 阿拉木萨[1] SU Yuhang;JIANG Yan;WANG Yongcui;Alamusa(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第21期9792-9804,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：荒漠绿洲区水土生态安全提升与保障技术(2023YFF1304201);中国科学院战略先导科技专项子课题(XDA26020104)。

摘　　要：退化沙地土壤种子库数量不足限制了其自然恢复能力,传统的种子库添加植被恢复技术措施存在添加物种数量、配比难以确定的限制,针对上述问题,提出了捐赠土壤种子库的植被恢复方法,即从邻近植被生境相似的长期稳定群落转移包含土壤种子库的表层土壤进行受损区植被恢复的方法。该方法在受损湿地、草地和林地的恢复方面取得了较好的应用效果,但是该方法能否用于荒漠化区域的植被恢复尚未见报道。采用室内盆栽和模拟降雨相结合的实验办法,以长期稳定的固定沙丘为捐赠土壤种子库源区,以流动沙丘和半固定沙丘为受捐对象,对比分析了捐赠固定沙丘土壤种子库对流动沙丘和半固定沙丘植被恢复的效果,并模拟了降雨变化对恢复效果的影响作用。结果表明:1)捐赠土壤种子库显著提高了半固定沙丘和流动沙丘模拟处理的种子萌发数量和幼苗地上生物量,有利于促进流动沙丘和半固定沙丘向固定沙丘进行演替;2)捐赠土壤种子库方法在半固定沙丘的植被恢复效果优于流动沙丘;3)捐赠土壤种子库可以增加流动沙丘实现跨越式恢复的可能性,加快其向固定沙丘的演替进程;4)小幅度的降雨量增减对受捐区种子萌发数量和地上生物量无显著影响;5)极端降雨可以显著提高受捐区种子萌发数量和地上生物量。综上所述,在模拟实验条件下,捐赠土壤种子库技术可以有效地促进退化沙丘植被恢复,极端降雨事件对捐赠土壤种子库实施后的恢复效果影响更加显著。研究为捐赠土壤种子库在退化沙地植被恢复的野外实际应用提供了理论支持。The insufficiency of the seed bank in the degraded sandy lands limits their natural recovery capability.Traditional techniques for vegetation restoration by adding to the seed bank are constrained by difficulties in determining the number and ratio of added species.In response to these issues,researchers have proposed a method of vegetation restoration using donated soil seed banks,which involves transferring topsoil containing a soil seed bank from long-term stable communities with similar vegetation habitats to restore damaged areas.The method has shown good application effects in the restoration of the damaged wetlands,grasslands,and forests,but its applicability to restoration of desertification-prone areas has not yet been reported.This study combined indoor potted plant experiments and simulated rainfall to compare the effects of the donated soil seed bank method from a long-term stable fixed dune on the vegetation restoration of mobile and semi-fixed dunes,and to simulate the impact of rainfall changes on the restoration effects.The results indicated that:1)The donated soil seed bank significantly increased the number of germinated seeds and aboveground biomass of seedlings in simulated treatments for semi-fixed and mobile dunes,which was beneficial for promoting the succession of mobile and semi-fixed dunes to fixed dunes;2)The vegetation restoration effect of the donated soil seed bank method was better in semi-fixed dunes than in mobile dunes;3)Donated soil seed bank could increase the possibility of leapfrog restoration in mobile dunes and accelerate their succession to fixed dunes;3)The small increase or decrease in rainfall had no significant impact on the number of germinated seeds and aboveground biomass in the recipient area;4)The extreme rainfall could significantly increase the number of germinated seeds and aboveground biomass in the recipient area.In summary,under the simulated experimental conditions,the technology of donated soil seed bank can effectively promote the restoration of degraded

关 键 词：捐赠土壤种子库 模拟实验 种子萌发数量 生物量 降雨变化影响 沙地植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]