冠状病毒的反向遗传技术及其应用进展  

Reverse genetics systems for coronavirus:Development and applications

作　　者：梁纪元 张钰灿 侯锐锋 张粤 夏永豪 袁晋 祖少坡 魏战勇[1] LIANG Jiyuan-;ZHANG Yucan-;HOU Ruifeng;ZHANG Yue;XIA Yonghao;YUAN Jin;ZU Shaopo;WEI Zhanyong(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety,College of Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural Uniwersity,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学动物医学院动物病原与生物安全教育部重点实验室,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2024年第10期2283-2293,共11页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32130106);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300421001)。

摘　　要：近年来,由冠状病毒引起的疫病呈现频发、暴发和新发的趋势,造成人类和动物严重的呼吸和消化系统疾病,危害全球公共卫生安全和畜禽健康养殖。目前,对冠状病毒致病、跨种传播等机制的认识不足制约了抗冠状病毒药物和疫苗产品的研制。反向遗传操作技术可用于病毒蛋白功能和病毒致病、复制机制的解析,也是减毒、基因标记疫苗和抗病毒药物研发中不可或缺的技术工具。因冠状病毒因基因组较大、结构复杂,其反向遗传操作技术曾长期发展滞后,但是随着分子生物学手段的不断更新,多种新的构建策略应运而生。通过重点介绍冠状病毒反向遗传操作系统的构建策略及其在冠状病毒传播、致病机制、疫苗研发和药物筛选中的应用,为冠状病毒感染的防控提供有利的工具。Coronavirus infection can cause serious respiratory and digestive system diseases in humans and animals.In recent years,the frequent outbreaks and newly outbreaks of coronavirus infection have threatened global public health and the development of livestock and poultry.However,the development of anti-coronavirus drugs and vaccines was restricted due to the insufficient understanding of the mechanisms of coronavirus pathogenesis and cross species transmission.Reverse genetic manipulation technology is a powerful tool in virological research,which can be used for the study of pathogenesis mechanisms,replication mechanisms and function analysis of protein.It is also be used in the development of attenuated or gene labeled vaccines,and antiviral drugs.Due to the large genome and complex structure of the coronavirus,the reverse genetic manipulation technology of coronavirus has been lagging for a long time.With the continuous updating of molecular biology methods,various new construction strategies have emerged.This article focuses on the construction strategy of the reverse genetic operating system for coronavirus,as well as its application in virus transmission and pathogenic mechanisms,and development of vaccines,which will provide favorable tools for the prevention and control of the coronavirus infection.

关 键 词：冠状病毒 反向遗传 感染性克隆 酵母TAR技术 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]