幻觉机器:西洋镜的媒介考古  

Illusion Machine:The Media Archaeology of the Peepshows in China

作　　者：唐海江[1] 陈捷琪 Tang Haijiang;Chen Jieqi

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学新闻与信息传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2024年第10期108-125,128,共19页Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中国媒介考古”(项目编号:20AXW004)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：立足当下数字技术建构的虚拟现实,发掘西洋镜在中国引发的感知体验,具有媒介考古学上的意义。作为感官体验的媒介,西洋镜依托其物理材质和透视法则而形成的操作机制和窥视特征,制造光学奇观,参与并揭示中国感官体验现代转型过程。作为居室的幻视装置,西洋镜屏勾连着中国幻视经验的同时,又瓦解了精英“格己”、“自鉴”的观看传统;而街头西洋镜则向着移动化、小型化和自动化方向演化,建构起人机之间的感官刺激-反应模式,成为制造情欲的装置而背上道德的负面评价。西洋镜重组了观看者的感知体验方式,推动着中国文明中观看方式的转变:从“内”观走向“外”观,反思性的时间体验被即时的无意识反应所取代,超越性的通感被消遣性的快感所取代,西洋镜实质上演变为制造幻觉的机器。这一转型中涉及的诸多议题如窥视性、感官性、具身性等,对于理解当下的虚拟现实等问题具有一定的参照意义。In the context of virtual reality shaped by digital technologies,it is important to explore the perceptual experiences triggered by the peepshows in China from a media archaeology perspective.As sensory media,the peepshows rely on physical materials and principles of perspective to create their unique peeping features and operational mechanisms.They not only produced optical wonders but also participated in and revealed the modern transformation of perceptual experience in China.On one hand,as vision devices in the living room,the peepshows in the form of mirror screens relate to the tradition of illusion in China and disrupt the viewing practices of elite"self-examination"and"selfcriticism"On the other hand,street peepshows,evolving toward miniaturization and automation,constructed a sensory mode of stimulus-response between man and machine.They became devices that evoked desires but were also criticized for promoting immorality.Thus,the peepshows reorganized viewers'perceptual experiences and facilitated a shift in viewing practices within Chinese civilization.The focus on the"inside"transformed into a focus on the"outside."Reflective time experiences were replaced by instant,unconscious reactions,and transcendental synesthesia was supplanted by recreational pleasure.Ultimately,the peepshows evolved into machines for creating illusions.These issues such as voyeurism,sensuality,and embodiment involved in this transformation offer insights for understanding contemporary issues related to virtual reality.

关 键 词：幻觉 西洋镜 媒介考古 现代性 观看 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]