论阴阳思想的起源——来自中国古代时间文化体系视角的审视  

On the Origin of Yin-Yang Thought:An Examination from the Perspective of Ancient Chinese Time-culture System

作　　者：刘晓峰[1] LIU Xiaofeng(Department of History,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国农史》2024年第5期3-24,共22页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金后期项目“时间与中国古代世界”(20235010061)。

摘　　要：本文认为“阴阳思想”形成的历史契机,在于古代中国人对太阳周年的科学观测,而古代中国“阴阳思想”的思维原理,根源于通过圭表之法科学观测并掌握了日影在一年中的周期变化与自然环境寒暑变化之间的联系。中国古代思想中以一分为二、对立、依存与转化为思维特征的思想方式,根本于对一年气象周期性变化的抽象和推衍。支撑这一推衍的数学规律性变化,从根本上影响了中国古代文化传统特质的形成。作者认为,太阳的周年变化与自然界万象之间的联系构成了中国古代时间文化体系的核心内容,古人是在变动中用综合、整体、全面的观察视角,以融抽象与具象于一体的思维方式去把握事物总与分、一与多、简单与复杂的辩证发展与演进的。中国古代时间文化体系,是认识中国古代阴阳思想产生的契机,又是其核心与关键的组成部分。This paper argues that the historical catalyst for the formation of“Yin-Yang thought”in ancient China lies in the empirical observation of the solar annual cycle.The cognitive principles of ancient Chinese“Yin-Yang thought”are rooted in the systematic observations,using the gnomon method,which revealed the connection between the cyclical changes in the sun's shadow throughout the year and the variations in natural temperature.The way of thinking in ancient Chinese thought,characterized by duality,opposition,interdependence,and transformation,fundamentally stems from the abstraction and extrapolation of the seasonal changes throughout the year.The mathematical regularities underlying these extrapolations profoundly influenced the formation of traditional Chinese cultural traits.The author argues that the connection between the annual changes of the sun and the myriad phenomena in nature forms the core of ancient China's temporal culture system.The ancients,in the midst of constant change,employed a comprehensive and holistic observational perspective,using a mode of thinking that integrated abstraction and concreteness to grasp the dialectical development and evolution of things as a whole and in parts,simple and complex,singular and multiple.Ancient China's temporal culture system not only provided the context for the emergence of Yin-Yang thought but also constitutes its core and essential component.

关 键 词：阴阳思想 起源 时间 太阳周年 契机 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]