论西方女性气质概念的建构、解构与重构  

Construction,Deconstruction and Reconstruction of the Western Concept of“Femininity”

作　　者：高奋[1] 叶晓娟 Gao Fen;Ye Xiaojuan(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第10期137-149,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(22BWW040)。

摘　　要：西方女性气质概念的内涵可以从父权制文化、女性主义思潮与批评以及跨学科研究三个阶段的建构、解构和重构加以梳理。父权制为维护男性霸权地位,从社会现实、文艺虚构和意识形态三方面建构了女性气质的从属性、陪衬性和规范性特征。女性主义思潮以现实为研究对象,解构父权制所定义的女性气质,指出女性气质是由女性身体展现的。女性主义批评以文学为研究对象,分析女性形象和女性书写,阐明从自我牺牲到自我幻想与自我逃离再到自我建构的女性气质嬗变过程及身体书写、女人腔等女性话语特质。跨学科研究揭示了关怀伦理与美德伦理是女性气质的要素,家庭空间是具有文化价值的场所,女性心理具有直觉性、感悟性、和谐性等特征。女性气质概念的建构、解构与重构昭示了西方文化从社会到文化再到精神的性别认知进程。The concept of“femininity”in the West carries a multi-facet and progressive understanding of women’s social identity,gender characteristics,body style and spirit of life.Its connotations can be sorted out from the three stages of construction,deconstruction and reconstruction in patriarchal culture,feminist movement and criticism,and interdisciplinary research.In order to maintain the hegemonic position of men,patriarchal culture constructs the subordinate,accompanying and normative characteristics of femininity from the perspectives of social reality,literary fiction and ideology,and divides them into“emphasized femininity”,“hegemonic femininity”,“pariah femininity”,“subordinate femininity”and so on,to celebrate subordinate femininity and devalue autonomous femininity.Feminist movement and criticism have both gone through developmental stages of deconstructing and constructing femininity.Feminist movement takes social reality as its object of study,which attacks the status quo of inequality between men and women,and criticizes and denies the femininity constructed by patriarchy,and calling for attention to the gender differences between men and women.Feminists,on the basis of post-structuralist and Western Marxist theories,articulate the view that femininity is not externally imposed but is manifested by the female body,pointing out that the physical and cultural characteristics of women that patriarchy defines as“deficient”and“lacking”are precisely the manifestations of femininity.British and American feminist criticism and French feminist criticism take literary works as the object of study,and through analyzing female image and female writing,they respectively elucidate the transmutation process of femininity from self-sacrifice to self-fantasy and self-escape to self-construction and the qualities of female discourse such as ecriture feminine and parler-femme.Interdisciplinary research has not only provided a general overview of femininity in terms of physical appearance,ethical

关 键 词：女性气质 父权制 女性主义思潮 女性主义批评 跨学科研究 关怀伦理 女性心理 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] B82-0[社会学] I0[哲学宗教—伦理学]