牵引传动系统对地铁车辆车内噪声影响研究  

Influence of Traction Transmission System on Interior Noise of Metro Trains

作　　者：张佳聶 孙文静 王嘉豪 周劲松 Zhang Jianie;Sun Wenjing;Wang Jiahao;Zhou Jinsong(Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804

出　　处：《华东交通大学学报》2024年第5期84-93,共10页Journal of East China Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52302477);上海市自然科学基金(21ZR1467100)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对某地铁车辆运行时动车(M车)与拖车(T车)车内噪声差异异常显著的问题,结合数值模拟与实车测试分析动车牵引传动系统对车内噪声的影响。【方法】首先基于振动噪声测试结果,分析动车与拖车的车体内外振动噪声频谱响应及传递特性,然后结合统计能量法(SEA)与有限元法(FEA),建立全频车内噪声仿真模型进行数值模拟,仿真分析得出车内高频空气声与低频结构声分布规律,通过计算将结构声与空气声叠加,得到全频段噪声分布特性并与线路实测数据进行对比。【结果】研究结果表明:动车车内噪声在150~400 Hz频段存在显著峰值,与车内地板结构振动峰值吻合,车内低频结构声模型仿真结果与实测结果吻合。【结论】车内高频噪声主要来自轮轨滚动噪声及牵引系统声源的空气声传播路径,而动车车内噪声峰值是由于包括电机、齿轮箱在内的牵引传动系统结构振动经构架与二系悬挂元件传递至车体结构,引起较高的低频结构噪声。基于此可为降低牵引传动系统对城轨列车的动车车内噪声影响提供依据。【Objective】To address the significant difference of interior noise between the motor car(M car)and the trailer(T car)during the operation of an urban rail vehicle,this research examines the impact of the motor car's traction drive system on interior noise through a combination of numerical simulation and real-world vehi‐cle testing.【Method】Initially,spectral responses and transmission characteristics of the vibration and noise with‐in and outside the car body of both the motor car and the trailer were analyzed based on test results.Subsequent‐ly,a full-frequency vehicle interior noise simulation model was developed by integrating the statistical energy method(SEA)and the finite element method(FEA)for numerical simulation purposes.The simulation revealed the distribution patterns of high-frequency airborne sound and low-frequency structural sound within the vehicle.Through computational superposition of structural and airborne sound,comprehensive noise distribution charac‐teristics across the full frequency band were obtained and compared with corresponding measured data from the rail line.【Result】The results show that a prominent peak exists in the interior noise of the motor car within the fre‐quency range of 150 to 400 Hz,which corresponds with the vibration peak of the floor structure within the vehi‐cle.【Conclusion】The simulation outcomes of the low-frequency structural acoustic model of the vehicle exhibit a high degree of consistency with the actual measured data.The high-frequency noise within the vehicle is pri‐marily attributed to wheel-rail rolling noise and the airborne acoustic propagation path of the traction system's sound source.The peak noise levels in the motor car are a result of structural vibrations from the traction drive system,which includes the motor and gearbox,being transmitted through the frame and secondary suspension components to the vehicle body structure,leading to increased levels of low-frequency structural noise.These findings may provide some refer

关 键 词：轨道车辆 牵引传动系统 车内噪声 有限元与统计能量法 结构声 空气声 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]