一株低温异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌的分离鉴定与脱氮特性  

Isolation,identification and nitrogen removal characteristics of a low-temperature heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium

作　　者：谢秀红 缪沅颖 李建梅 董志新[1,2] 朱波 XIE Xiuhong;MIAO Yuanying;LI Jianmei;DONG Zhixin;ZHU Bo(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Tongliao Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,四川成都610041 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]通辽市农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第11期1608-1615,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(No.2021YFG0279);中国科学院西部之光青年学者项目(2022年)。

摘　　要：微生物脱氮技术是污水氮素净化的有效方法之一,但低温条件下微生物活性和代谢能力降低,导致脱氮效果变差。为提升低温生活污水的氮素净化效果,从黑龙江龙凤湿地(46°53′N,125°18′E)中分离筛选到1株低温异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌J1-2,16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。该菌株在8℃低温条件下能有效去除不同形态氮源,对单一氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的60 h去除率分别为93.88%、81.46%、96.31%,对这3种氮源的利用顺序为氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮。该菌株在8℃下去除氨氮的最佳条件如下:pH为7、转速为150 r/min、碳源为柠檬酸钠、碳氮质量比为20,该条件应用于实际生活污水处理,总氮(TN)、氨氮和硝酸盐氮去除率分别为55.79%、86.47%、65.40%,具有良好的应用前景。Microbial nitrogen removal technology is one of the effective methods for nitrogen purification in wastewater.However,the microbial activity and metabolic capacity decreases at low temperatures,leading to poor nitrogen removal.In order to improve the nitrogen purification effect of low temperature domestic wastewater,a low-temperature heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium J1-2 was isolated from Longfeng Wetland(46°53′N,125°18′E)in Heilongjiang and identified as Acinetobacter based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence.The strain could effectively remove different forms of nitrogen at 8℃.It could remove 93.88%of ammonia nitrogen,81.46%of nitrate nitrogen and 96.31%of nitrite nitrogen at 60 h.The utilization priority order of nitrogens were ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.The optimal conditions for ammonia nitrogen removal at 8℃were as follows:pH=7,shaking speed=150 r/min,sodium citrate as carbon source,and C/N=20.The strain was inoculated into actual domestic wastewater at the opitimal conditions and achieved removal rates of 55.79%,86.47%and 65.40%for total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,respectively.This result indicated that the strain had good potential for application in biological treatment of low temperature wastewater.

关 键 词：低温脱氮 异养硝化 好氧反硝化 污水处理 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X703