方以智的心性工夫论  

Fang Yizhi's Theory of Mind-nature Cultivation

作　　者：张笠楠 ZHANG Linan(Fujian Federation of Taiwan Compatriots,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省台湾同胞联谊会,福建福州350001

出　　处：《三明学院学报》2024年第5期92-97,共6页Journal of Sanming University

摘　　要：方以智将“心”分为“公心”与“独心”,“公心”属于本体层面,“独心”属于认知层面,二者关系为“公心寓于独心之中”。“性”有“公性”“独性”“习性”,“公性”乃万物共同之本性,“独性”则是万物各殊之根据,“习性”属于外缘层面。在心性修养方面,“尽心见性”“逆习复性”是工夫论的关键,“无知之知”的通透境界是最终结果。方以智的心性思想始终贯穿“公因反因”等辩证思维,彰显崇尚实学的倾向,在心性思想发展史中独具一格。Fang Yizhi divides the"Mind"into"Common mind"and"Private mind"."Common mind"is on the ontologi-cal level and"Private mind"is on the cognitive level.The relationship between the two is that"The common mind resides in the private mind".Similarly,"Nature"has three levels of"common nature","private nature",and"habits"."Common nature"is the common nature of all things,and"private nature"is the basis for the differences of all things,and"habits"belongs to the acquired level.In the discourse on the cultivation of mind and nature,"exhausting the mind to see the nature"and"over-coming habits to restore the nature"are key steps in the Gongfu approach.The state of omniscient is the ultimate result.Fang Yizhi's thoughts on mind and nature are always permeated by dialectical thinking such as"public cause and counter cause,"highlighting his preference for advocating pragmatism and presenting a unique style in the history of the development of thoughts on mind and nature.

关 键 词：方以智 尽心 心性思想 工夫论 

分 类 号：B248.93[哲学宗教—中国哲学]