“五代无忠臣”辨——五代时期政治生态和忠德状况考论  

On "No Loyal Ministers in the Five Dynasties"--A Study on the Political Ecology and State of Loyalty During the Five Dynasties Period

作　　者：桑东辉[1] SANG Donghui(School of Philosophy/Institute of Sinology,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院/国学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《武陵学刊》2024年第6期11-19,共9页Journal of Wuling

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华民族共同体的伦理认同研究”(20&ZD037);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国传统忠德变迁史研究”(19FZXB026)。

摘　　要：“五代无忠臣”是宋代史学家欧阳修在《新五代史》中对五代十国时期忠德状况作出的基本判断(原文为“五代无全臣”)。这种忠德状况是由五代十国特定的历史环境和恶劣的政治生态决定的。由于改朝换代过于频繁,忠贞不二的“全臣”非常稀缺,更多的是朝秦暮楚、改换门庭的臣子。当然也有个别尽忠的臣子,因此,“五代无忠臣”只是概说。正是五代时期的道德滑坡,特别是忠德沦替,才更有效地推动了宋朝君主强化中央集权和君主专制,也更激发了宋代思想家致力于道学复兴和三纲五常的神圣化。乱世少忠臣的状况并没有削弱忠德的地位和作用,反而凸显了忠德在中华民族共同体伦理认同中的重要作用。"There were no loyal ministers in the Five Dynasties"is a fundamental judgment made by Ouyang Xiu,a historian in the Song Dynasty,in his New History of the Five Dynasties regarding the state of loyalty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period(the original text reads"there were no completely loyal ministers in the Five Dynasties").This state of loyalty was determined by the specific historical environment and harsh political ecology of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.Due to the frequent changes of dynasties,completely loyal ministers were scarce,and more ministers changed allegiances and served different rulers.Of course,there were also a few ministers who remained loyal,so"no loyal ministers in the Five Dynasties"is only a general conclusion.It was the moral decline especially the deterioration of loyalty during the Five Dynasties,that effectively drove the emperors of the Song Dynasty to strengthen centralization and autocracy,and inspired thinkers in the Song Dynasty to devote themselves to the revival of Confucianism and the sanctification of the Three Principles and Five Virtues.The scarcity of loyal ministers in times of chaos did not weaken the status and role of loyalty,but rather highlighted its important role in the ethical identity of the community of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：政治伦理 五代十国 忠德 伦理认同 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学] B822[历史地理—中国史]