饲料钙磷水平对克氏原螯虾生长性能、体组成及免疫酶的影响  

Effects of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels on Growth Performance,Body Composition,and Immune Enzymes of Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：吴耀庭 黄凯[1,2] 郭睿婕 于凯 杨旭红 黄娇 李昱达 王丹丹 WU Yaoting;HUANG Kai;GUO Ruijie;YU Kai;YANG Xuhong;HUANG Jiao;LI Yuda;WANG Dandan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Universities'Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Healthy Breeding and Nutrition&Health Regulation,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第22期70-78,共9页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目[32160865];广西科技重大专项创新驱动发展基金项目[桂科AA20302019-6]。

摘　　要：试验旨在讨论饲料中钙磷添加水平对克氏原螯虾生长性能、形体指标、体组成、蛋白酶和免疫酶活性影响。采用双因素试验设计,试验以氯化钙为钙源设3个钙添加水平:0、0.75%、1.50%(A、B、C),以磷酸二氢钾为磷源设3个磷添加水平:0、0.75%、1.50%(1、2、3),采用交叉组合制备9组等氮饲料。试验共9组(即A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3组和C1、C2、C3组),每组3个重复,每个重复30尾虾,试验虾初始体重为(4.00±1.00)g,养殖70 d。试验结果表明:①终末体重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)在钙磷水平分别为0.75%、1.50%(B3)时达最大值,显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。饲料系数(FCR)在钙磷水平分别为0.75%、1.50%时达最小值,显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。②终末体长(BL)、体长特定生长率(SGRL)在钙磷水平分别为0.75%、1.50%(B3)时达最大值,显著高于B1组(P<0.05)。③饲料磷水平增加显著降低克氏原螯虾粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),在B3组达最大值。全虾和肌肉粗蛋白含量随饲料钙磷增加而显著增加(P<0.05),在钙磷水平分别为0.75%、1.50%时达到最大值。全虾粗灰分含量随钙水平增加而增加,全虾和肌肉磷含量随磷水平增加而升高。④肝胰脏蛋白酶活性随饲料钙磷增加而显著升高(P<0.05),溶菌酶活性在钙磷水平分别为1.5%、0时达最小值,酸性磷酸酶活性随着饲料磷水平的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,建议克氏原螯虾基础饲料的钙磷添加水平分别为0.75%、1.50%,有利于克氏原螯虾的生长及营养沉积。The purpose of this experiment was to discuss the effects of calcium and phosphorus levels addition the growth performance,body indicators,body composition,protease and phosphatase activities of Procambarus clarkii.Using a dual factor experimental design,three calcium addition levels were set up with calcium chloride as the calcium source:0,0.75%,and 1.50%(A,B,C),and three phosphorus addition levels were set up with potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the phosphorus source:0,0.75%,and 1.50%(1,2,3).Nine groups of equal nitrogen feed were prepared using cross combination.The experiment consists of 9 groups(namely A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,B3,and C1,C2,C3),with 3 replicates in each group,with 30 shrimp per replicate.The initial body mass of the experimental shrimp was(4.00±1.00)g,and it was cultured for 70 days.The experimental results showed that:①final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),and specific growth rate(SGR)reached their maximum values at calcium and phosphorus levels of 0.75%and 1.5%(B3),respectively,significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR)reached its minimum value at calcium and phosphorus levels of 0.75%and 1.5%,significantly lower than other groups(P<0.05).②The terminal body length(BL)and specific growth rate of length(SGRL)reached their maximum values at calcium and phosphorus levels of 0.75%and 1.50%(B3),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the B1 group(P<0.05).③The increase in feed phosphorus levels led to a significant decrease in crude fat content of crayfish(P<0.05),reaching its maximum in group B3.The crude protein content of whole shrimp and muscle significantly increased with the increase of feed calcium and phosphorus(P<0.05),reaching its maximum at calcium and phosphorus levels of 0.75%and 1.50%.The crude ash content of whole shrimp increases with the increase of calcium level,while the phosphorus content of whole shrimp and muscle increases with the increase of phosphorus level.④The activity of liver pancreatic protease significantl

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 钙 磷 生长性能 体组成 蛋白酶 免疫酶 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]