重新认识棉绒斑(上)  

Rethinking cotton wool spots(Ⅰ)

作　　者：黄厚斌[1,2] Huang Houbin(Senior Department of Ophthalmology,PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital,Sanya Hainan 572013,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院眼科医学部,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院海南医院眼科,海南三亚572013

出　　处：《眼科》2024年第6期401-411,共11页Ophthalmology in China

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划高新技术项目(ZDYF2024GXJS032);军队后勤科研项目保健专项课题(23BJZ37);海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(22A200351)。

摘　　要：绝大部分教科书、期刊等均将棉绒斑等同于局部视网膜缺血、视网膜微梗塞,虽然缺血的确是导致棉绒斑形成最重要的原因,但棉绒斑不是缺血本身,而是缺血、机械压迫等因素导致神经纤维的轴浆流阻滞、轴浆碎片堆积。本文的第一部分系统梳理了棉绒斑形成的病因、病理变化和病理生理过程,以澄清和强化对棉绒斑的认识。That cotton wool spot is focal retinal ischemia and retinal nerve fiber layer infarct could have been read in most ophthalmic textbooks,monographs and journals.Whereas,although retinal ischemia is the most important cause for cotton wool spot,cotton wool spot is not ischemia per se,but localized accumulations of axoplasmic debris within retinal ganglion cell axons owing to axoplasmic flow interruption insulted by many factors including ischemia,mechanic impression and so on.The first part of this article systematically illustrate the etiology,pathological changes,and pathophysiological processes of cotton wool spots formation,in order to improve and clarify the acquaintance.(Ophthalmol CHN,2024,33:401-411)

关 键 词：棉绒斑 Purtscher斑 轴浆流阻滞 视网膜缺血 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]