机器人使用对劳动者心理健康的影响--来自微观个体层面的经验证据  

The Impact of Robot Use on Workers’Mental Health:Empirical Evidence from Micro-individual Level

作　　者：黄乾[1] 苏文杰 HUANG Qian;SU Wenjie(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《人口与经济》2024年第6期110-123,共14页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“全面二孩政策对老年人健康的影响、作用机制与社会支持政策模拟”(72074128);国家社会科学基金一般项目“空间关联视角下国际贸易驱动劳动力市场效率与安全协同提升的研究”(23BJL058)。

摘　　要：机器人技术极大推动了物质文明发展,但对其可能引发的社会心理问题尚且缺乏关注。基于中国家庭追踪调查数据2012—2020年共5期样本,结合IFR公布的机器人数据理论分析并实证检验机器人使用对劳动者心理健康的影响,进一步对其作用机制和异质性展开重点讨论。研究结果表明:机器人使用对劳动者心理健康存在显著负面影响。机器人使用引致的工作稳定性下降、工作满意度降低,以及在晋升和学习方面不断加码的竞争压力是导致劳动者心理健康下降的重要原因;同时机器人使用可以改善劳动者的经济状况和工作强度,因此还存在部分正向影响机制。异质性分析发现,机器人使用对低学历以及低龄劳动者心理健康造成的负面冲击更严重。进一步分析发现,机器人使用不仅加剧个人学习“内卷”,同时家庭的教育预期也将同步上升,因此通过家庭行为将进一步加剧劳动者的心理压力。对此,政府在大力推进产业智能化过程中,需要对其广度和深度进行合理规划,重点针对就业稳定性和职业技能需求转型提供政策支持,助力企业打造多样性优秀企业文化,加快配套法律体系构建,并为技术敏感性群体提供针对性帮扶指导。Robot technology has greatly promoted the development of material civilization,but which can cause psychosocial problems that may be overlooked.Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies from 2012 to 2020,combined with a total of five samples and the robot data published by IFR.The impact of robot use on workers’mental health is further discussed with emphasis on its mechanism of action and heterogeneity.The results show as follows:Firstly,robot use has a significant negative impact on workers’mental health.Secondly,the decrease of job stability,the decrease of job satisfaction caused by the use of robots,and the increasing competitive pressure in promotion and learning are the important reasons for the decline of workers’mental health.Meanwhile,the use of robots can effectively improve the economic situation and work intensity of workers,so there is still a partial positive impact mechanism.Thirdly,through heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the use of robots has a more serious negative impact on the mental health of low-educated and young workers.Fourthly,the paper shows that the use of robots not only intensifies the“internal learning”of individuals,but also increases the educational expectations of family,so the psychological pressure of workers will be further intensified through family behavior.In this regard,the government needs to make reasonable plans for its breadth and depth in the process of vigorously promoting industrial intelligence.We should provide policy support for employment stability and vocational skills needs,create a diverse and excellent corporate culture,accelerate the construction of supporting legal systems,and provide targeted assistance and guidance for technology-sensitive groups.

关 键 词：机器人使用 劳动者 心理健康 影响机制 

分 类 号：C970.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F241.3