苦荞杂交后代株型性状和产量性状的遗传分析  

Genetic analysis on plant type traits and yield traits in tartary buckwheat hybrid progeny

作　　者：李春花 加央多拉 吴晗 梁秀雪 李玉明 王艳青[3] 李晗 孙墨可 田娟[1] 任长忠[1] LI Chun-hua;Jiayangduola;WU Han;LIANG Xiu-xue;LI Yu-ming;WANG Yan-qing;LI Han;SUN Mo-ke;TIAN Juan;REN Chang-zhong(Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng,Jilin 137000,China;Integrated Service Center of Tianqiaoling Town of Wangqing County,Yanbian,Jilin 133204,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000 [2]吉林省汪清县天桥岭镇综合服务中心,吉林延边133204 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室/农业农村部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第9期2558-2566,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860412);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-07);白城市指导性科技发展计划项目(202210)。

摘　　要：【目的】对苦荞杂交后代株型性状和产量性状进行遗传分析,为矮秆苦荞新品种培育提供良好的理论依据。【方法】以株高差异较大的2个苦荞品种杂交F_(2)和F_(3)代群体为研究对象,分析其株高、主茎节数、一级分枝数、二级分枝数、茎粗、单株粒数、单株粒重和千粒重8个农艺性状的遗传规律,并对性状间的相关性进行分析。【结果】8个农艺性状在F_(2)和F_(3)群体中均出现超亲分离;主茎节数和千粒重的变异系数小于20.00%,单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数大于50.00%,其他性状的变异系数为20.00%~40.00%。株高、主茎节数、单株粒数和单株粒重的加性方差小于显性方差,平均显性度均大于1.00;一级分枝数、二级分枝数、茎粗和千粒重的显性方差小于加性方差,平均显性度小于1.00。千粒重的狭义遗传率、广义遗传率和固定遗传率均大于其他性状。F_(3)代群体农艺性状间相关分析结果显示,株高和单株粒重均与单株粒数、千粒重、主茎节数、一级分枝数、二级分枝数和茎粗存在极显著正相关(P<0.01、P<0.001)。筛选出13个株高比母本矮、单株粒数和单株粒重比母本多的优良单株,其中有3个单株的株高比母本矮50 cm及以上。13个优良单株的农艺性状间相关分析结果显示,株高与主茎节数存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),单株粒重与茎粗、单株粒数存在极显著正相关(P<0.001),株高和单株粒重均与其他性状无显著相关(P>0.05)。【结论】苦荞矮秆高产育种过程中,由于千粒重与其他性状相关系数较小,且具有较高遗传率,可在杂交初期世代进行单株选择;株高与其他主要农艺性状存在显著或极显著正相关,则需要综合考虑性状间的相关性进行单株选择,才能达到选育高产矮秆苦荞品种的目的。【Objective】The study aimed to conduct a genetic analysis of plant type traits and yield traits in tartary buckwheat hybrid progeny,providing theoretical basis for the cultivation of new dwarf tartary buckwheat varieties.【Method】The study focused on the F_(2) and F_(3) generation populations of hybrid progeny from 2 tartary buckwheat varieties with great differences in plant height.The genetic patterns of 8 agronomic traits were analyzed,including plant height,node number of main stem,number of first branches,number of secondary branches,stem diameter,number of seeds per plant,seed weight per plant,and thousand-kernel weight,along with the analysis of the correlation among these traits.【Result】The 8 agronomic traits exhibited superparental segregation in both F_(2) and F_(3) populations.The coefficients of variation for node number of main stem and thousand-kernel weight were less than 20.00%,while the coefficients for the number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant were greater than 50.00%.The coefficients for all other traits ranged from 20.00%to 40.00%.The additive variance for plant height,node number of main stem,number of seeds per plant and seed weight per plant was less than the dominant variance,with a mean degree of dominance greater than 1.00.Conversely,for the number of first branches,number of second branches,stem diameter and thousand-kernel weight,the dominant variance was less than the additive variance,resulting in a mean degree of dominance less than 1.00.In this case,the narrow sense heritability,broad sense heritability and fixed heritability of thousand-kernel weight were greater than those of the other traits.Correlation analysis among agronomic traits in the F_(3) generation population revealed that both plant height and seed weight per plant were extremely significantly and positively correlated with number of seeds per plant,thousand-kernel weight,node number of main stem,number of first branches,number of secondary branches and stem diameter(P<0.01,P<0.001).A total of

关 键 词：苦荞 株型 产量 遗传规律 杂交育种 

分 类 号：S517.035.1[农业科学—作物学]