刑事诉讼中经验法则的运用机理及规范路径  

The Application Mechanism and the Path of Regulation for the Rules of Thumb in Criminal Proceedings

作　　者：孙锐[1] SUN Rui(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期162-172,共11页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“刑事证明‘过程论’研究”(22CFX069)。

摘　　要：运用于刑事诉讼中的经验法则根据来源、功能指向以及运用路径的不同,可以分为源于逻辑判断的经验法则与源于生活情理的经验法则、用于审查判断证据的经验法则与用于认定案件事实的经验法则、依附运用的经验法则与独立运用的经验法则。经验法则在实践中面临着显示度欠缺、盖然性程度模糊以及与个案适配度不彰等风险,阻滞了司法证明的精密化发展。经验法则应以高盖然性、亚规则性以及可视性为其内在属性,以事实推论为运用场域,以激活自由心证为内在使命。在遵循证据裁判原则的前提下,经验法则的运用应通过强化控辩双方的证成及证伪、落实裁判文书的说理及示明,推进其独立价值的实现。《刑事诉讼法》的修改应围绕经验法则“何处用”以及“如何用”的问题,加大经验法则的比重、细化经验法则的运用。The rules of thumb utilized in criminal proceedings can be classified into two main categories:those derived from logical judgment and those stemming from experiential knowledge.Additionally,these rules can be further divided into rules for examining and judging evidence and those for identifying case facts,as well as dependent and independent rules of thumb,based on their sources,functional orientations and application paths.In practice,the use of these rules of thumb presents several challenges,including a lack of influence and awareness,ambiguous probabilities and incompatibility with specific cases,which impede the advancement of rigorous judicial proof.To address these issues,it is essential to recognize high probability,sub-rules and visibility as intrinsic attributes,factual inference as the field of application,and the activation of free evaluation of evidence as a core mission.The application of the rules of thumb should prioritize adherence to the principle of evidentiary adjudication while enhancing their independent value through robust proof and falsification processes for both the prosecution and defense,as well as through clear reasoning and presentation in judgment documents.By leveraging the revision of the Criminal Procedure Law,this study aims to clarify the questions of"where to use"and"how to use"the rules of thumb,advocating for an increased proportion and refined application of these rules.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼 经验法则 事实推论 自由心证 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]