企事业单位参与提供托育服务的历史经验及启示——基于民国时期工厂托儿所的分析  

The Historical Experience and Its Significance of Enterprises and Institutions Participating in Providing Childcare Services:an Analysis Based on Factory Childcare Services during the Republic of China Era

作　　者：洪秀敏[1] 刘友棚 HONG Xiumin;LIU Youpeng(Department of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China,100875;Research Institute of Primary Education,China National Institute of Education Sciences,Beijing,China,100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]中国教育科学研究院基础教育研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2024年第6期1-10,共10页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：北京市教育科学规划课题(优先关注)“幼儿园发展托幼一体化研究”(BAEA22005)。

摘　　要：梳理分析民国时期工厂托儿所的政策实践,总结其关键经验,对于当前探寻新时代企事业单位参与提供托育服务的适切路径具有重要价值。20世纪20—40年代,南京国民政府围绕工厂托儿所施行了一系列政策实践:明确工厂托儿所的法律定位,观照劳动妇女育儿权益;关注工厂托儿所的规范运行,遵循托育服务专业要求;施行工厂、家庭、社会和政府的成本共担模式,回应托育服务资金需求。这些政策实践促使当时工厂托儿所逐渐兴起,为工人安心工作提供了一定保障,但也存在相应不足,如托儿所的规范化严重堪忧。当前,我国正积极部署推进企事业单位参与提供托育服务,民国工厂托儿所的一些政策经验可供借鉴:推进托育服务法治建设,筑牢企事业单位办托的法律保障;加强托育服务规范化监管,提升企事业单位办托的专业质量;加大托育服务资金支持,建立企事业单位办托的成本共担机制。Analyzing the policy practices of factory childcare services during the Republic of China era,summarizing the key experiences,are of great value for exploring the appropriate path for enterprises and institutions to participate in providing childcare services in the new era.From 1920s to 1940s,the Nationalist government in Nanjing implemented a series of policy practices around factory childcare services,including clarifying the legal positioning of factory childcare services centers and considering the parenting rights of working women;emphasizing on the standardized operation of childcare services and following the professional requirements;implementing the cost sharing model involving factories,families,society and governments to respond to the funding needs of childcare services.These policy practices led to the gradual rise of factory childcare services centers at that time,providing certain guarantees for workers to work with peace of mind.But there were also corresponding shortcomings,such as the serious standardization problem.Currently,China is actively deploying and promoting the participation of enterprises and institutions in providing childcare services.The policy experience of the Republic of China in factory childcare services centers has inspired us in the following aspects:to promote the construction of the rule of law in childcare services and strengthen the legal protection for enterprises and institutions to operate childcare services;to strengthen the standardized supervision of childcare services and improve the professional capability and quality of childcare services provided by enterprises and institutions;to increase funding support for childcare services and establish a cost sharing mechanism for enterprises and institutions to provide childcare services.

关 键 词：企事业单位 托育服务 工厂托儿所 职工福利 民国时期 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]