木质素优先解聚对碳水化合物影响的研究进展  

Advances in Research Based on the Effects of Preferential Lignin Depolymerisation on Carbohydrates

作　　者：刘国祥 孙恩惠[2] 黄红英[2] 吴述平[1] 靳红梅[2] 曲萍[2] LIU Guoxiang;SUN Enhui;HUANG Hongying;WU Shuping;JIN Hongmei;QU Ping(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《生物质化学工程》2024年第6期73-84,共12页Biomass Chemical Engineering

基　　金：农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(202301);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(23)1034)。

摘　　要：木质纤维素类生物质是丰富的可再生资源,有潜力替代化石资源来生产清洁燃料和化工产品。将木质纤维素类生物质全组分转化利用,既减少了环境污染,又提高了资源利用率。木质素的优先解聚是实现木质纤维素类生物质全组分高值转化的有效途径之一。本文综述了木质素优先解聚策略对木质素解聚产物及碳水化合物的影响,包括还原催化、氧化催化、碱催化、酸催化、水热、热解等6种不同催化方法的研究进展,以及各个解聚方法的反应机理,并且对不同解聚方法的优缺点进行了分析:还原催化解聚,酚类单体产率高,可以保留绝大部分碳水化合物;氧化催化解聚反应条件温和,可以使用廉价、绿色的氧化剂将木质素转化为低聚物或芳香族单体,并且可以保留高质量的纸浆;碱催化和酸催化常用于预处理阶段使原料进入膨胀状态,并使碳水化合物尤其是半纤维素降解,导致木质素解聚产物难以分离;水热解聚操作简单,反应温和,但在木质素解聚的同时纤维素和半纤维素也会逐渐水解;热解可同时生成木质素衍生的酚类和糖衍生物,但是产物选择性较低,对下游分离存在较大障碍。最后对木质素优先解聚的研究重点和发展方向进行了展望。Lignocellulosic biomass was a rich renewable resource with the potential to replace fossil resources in the production of clean fuels and chemicals.The conversion and utilization of the whole component of lignocellulosic biomass reduced environmental pollution and improved resource utilization.Preferential depolymerisation of lignin was one of the effective ways to achieve high value conversion of whole components of lignocellulosic biomass.This paper reviewed the effects of preferential lignin depolymerisation strategies on lignin depolymerisation products and carbohydrates,including the research progress of six different catalytic methods,such as reduction catalysis,oxidation catalysis,alkali catalysis,acid catalysis,hydrothermal,and pyrolysis,as well as the reaction mechanisms of each depolymerization method.The advantages and disadvantages of the different depolymerisation methods were analyzed.The reductive catalytic depolymerisation,with a high phenolics monomer yield,retained the vast majority of the carbohydrates.The oxidative catalytic depolymerisation had mild reaction conditions and could use cheap and green oxidants to convert lignin into oligomers or aromatic monomers,and high-quality pulp could be retained.Alkali catalysis and acid catalysis were often used in the pretreatment stage to make the raw material into a swelling state and degrade carbohydrates,especially hemicellulose,resulting in the lignin depolymerisation products and difficult separation.The operation of hydrothermal depolymerisation was simple and the reaction was mild,while the cellulose and hemicellulose would be hydrolysed gradually at the same time of lignin depolymerisation.Pyrolysis could simultaneously generate lignin-derived phenolic and sugar derivatives,but the selectivity of the products was low,and there was a big obstacle to the downstream separation.Finally,the research focus and development direction of preferential depolymerisation of lignin were prospected.

关 键 词：木质纤维 生物质 木质素优先解聚 碳水化合物 纤维素 半纤维素 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程]