2015-2017年中国育龄妇女膳食多样化和微量营养素充足性  

Dietary diversity and micronutrients adequacy among women of reproductive age in China in 2015-2017

作　　者：高鹏 杨振宇 赵丽云 王玉英 Gao Peng;Yang Zhenyu;Zhao Liyun;Wang Yuying(Danone Institute China,Beijing 100050,China;National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]达能营养中心,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [3]国家卫生健康委公共营养与健康重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第6期942-946,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会医改重大项目[中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2015-2017年)]。

摘　　要：目的了解2015-2017年中国15~49岁育龄妇女膳食多样化和营养素充足性。方法于2015-2017年采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取31个省(自治区、直辖市)17622名15~49岁育龄妇女。根据联合国粮农组织妇女最低膳食多样化指标和中国居民膳食营养素推荐量(2023),分析15~49岁育龄妇女膳食多样化状况和营养素充足性。利用χ^(2)检验进行地区、年龄组的统计学差异检验。结果2015-2017年达到最低膳食多样化的中国育龄妇女为7078人(40.2%),城市和农.村分别为3817人(52.1%)和3261人(31.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=739.09,P<0.01);谷类根茎类(99.8%)、其他蔬菜(84.6%)和肉类(76.5%)摄入的比例较高,坚果种子类(7.9%)和奶类及制品(10.0%)摄入的比例较低。铁(0.98)、锌(0.95)和烟酸(0.91)的营养素适宜比在0.9以上,维生素B_(1)(0.69)、维生素C(0.68)、维生素B_(2)(0.63)、维生素A(0.63)和钙(0.46)的营养素适宜比例低于0.7。调整了能量摄入量、居住地、年龄组和地区后,达到最低膳食多样性的育龄妇女营养素适宜比高于未达标者(P<0.01)。结论2015-2017年中国育龄妇女达到最低膳食多样化的比例较低,钙和维生素B类摄入相对不足。OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary diversity and micronutrients adequacy among women of reproductive age during 2015-2017 in China.METHODS Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015-2017.Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used,and 17622 women aged 15-49 years from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)were involved.We analyzed the minimum dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age with Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)recommended indicator and the dietary reference intake for China(2023).Chi-square test was used for statistical difference.RESULTS There were 7078(40.2%)women aged 15-49 years meeting minimum dietary diversity for women(MDD-W)in 2015-2017,and it was 3817(52.1%)and 3261(31.7%)in urban and rural areas respectively,there was significant difference(χ^(2)=739.09,P<0.01).Women of reproductive age often consume grains,roots and tubes(99.8%),other vegetables(84.6%)and flesh food(76.5%),and the percentage of nuts and seeds(7.9%)and dairy products(10%)consumption was lower.Nutrient adequacy ratio for iron(0.98),zinc(0.95)and niacin(0.91)was above 0.9,and nutrient adequacy ratio for vitamin B_(1)(0.69),vitamin C(0.68),vitamin B_(2)(0.63),vitamin A(0.63)and calcium(0.46)were lower than 0.7.Adjusted by energy intake,residence,age and area,women who achieved the MDD-W reported higher adequacy ratios for micronutrients,and the difference was significant(P<O.O1).CONCLUSION The proportions of women meeting MDD-W was at a lower level in China.Calcium and B vitamins were relatively inadequate.

关 键 词：育龄妇女 膳食多样性评分 最低膳食多样化 营养素适宜比 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R151.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]