2019年甘肃临夏农村10~12岁儿童营养状况和身高发育与智商的关系  

Nutritional status and height development of rural children aged 10-12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Gansu Province,and the relationship with intelligence quotient in 2019

作　　者：王燕玲[1] 李青林 尹莉梅 郑菁[1] 孙玮[1] 何爱伟 费秀兰 曹永琴[1] Wang Yanling;Li Qinglin;Yin Limei;Zheng Jing;Sun Wei;He Aiwei;Fei Xiulan;Cao Yongqin(Endemic Disease Institute,Gansu Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Lanzhou 730000,China;Xi’an Weiyang District Xinjiamiao Community Health Service Center,Xi’an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心地方病预防控制所,兰州730000 [2]西安市未央区辛家庙社区卫生服务中心,西安710016

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第6期956-960,998,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划(No.22JR11RA184);甘肃省卫生行业科研计划(No.GSWSKY2021-008)。

摘　　要：目的调查甘肃省临夏回族自治州农村10~12岁儿童营养状况、身高发育与智力发育水平,分析当地学龄儿童营养状况和身高发育与智力的关系。方法于2019年在甘肃省临夏州所辖8个县(市),每个县按照东、西、南、北、中5个方向各抽取1个乡,每个乡随机抽取一个小学,在每个小学抽取10~12岁的学生45名,共抽取1721名学生,测量儿童身高、体重,计算体质指数;采用中国联合型瑞文测验(农村版)进行智力测验并运用常模计算其智商。依据国家儿童营养、身高发育和智商相关标准,探讨儿童营养状况和身高发育与智商的关系。结果中重度消瘦、轻度消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖组儿童智商分别为102.7、102.8、103.3、102.5和106.9,儿童营养状况越好,其智商值越高,差异具有统计学意义(H=602.816,P<0.001)。超重儿童智力低下的检出率为0%,肥胖儿童智商处于低下、边缘和极优秀的检出率均为0%。生长迟缓组和非生长迟缓组儿童的智商分别为99.5和103.3,差异具有统计学意义(U=171.000,P<0.05)。不同身高发育等级儿童智商差异具有统计学意义(H=55.174,P<0.001),儿童平均智商随着身高等级的升高而增加。身高上等儿童智商为低下和边缘的检出率为0%,极优智商的检出率也为0%,中等及以上的智商检出率为90.9%。有序Logistic回归分析显示:身高中上等(OR=0.598,95%CI 0.397~0.899,P<0.05)、上等(OR=0.002,95%CI 0.0272~0.747,P<0.05),营养状况为正常(OR=0.633,95%CI 0.484~0.980,P<0.05)、超重(OR=0.487,95%CI 0.299~0.795,P<0.05)、肥胖(OR=0.569,95%CI 0.358~0.907,P<0.05)以及非生长发育迟缓(OR=0.578,95%CI 0.371~0.901,P<0.05)均为儿童智商的保护因素。结论甘肃省临夏回族自治州农村10~12岁儿童营养状况和身高发育与智力均相关,营养状况正常及以上和身高发育正常均有利于儿童智商的发育,但肥胖和身高发育上等可能会影响学龄儿童极优智商的发育。OBJECTIVE To investigate the nutritional status,height development and intellectual development level of rural children aged 10-12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Gansu Province,and to analyze the relationship between the nutritional status and height development of local schoolchildren and their intellectual development.METHODS In 2019,a total of 1721 students were selected from 8 counties(cities)under the jurisdiction of Linxia Prefecture in Gansu Province,with 1 township selected from each county in 5 directions:east,west,south,north,and central.One primary school was randomly selected from each township,and 45 students aged 10-12 were selected from each primary school.Measure children's height and weight data,calculate body mass index(BMI).Using the Chinese Joint Raven Test(Rural Edition)for intelligence testing and using the norm to calculate their intelligence quotient(IQ).Based on national standards for children's nutrition,height development,and intelligence,explore the relationship between children's nutritional status,height development,and intelligence.RESULTS The IQ of children with moderate to severe weight loss,mild weight loss,normal,overweight,and obesity were 102.7,102.8,103.3,102.5 and 106.9,respectively.The better the nutritional status of children,the higher their IQ values,and the intelligence of children was statistically significant(H=602.816,P<0.001).The detection rate of intellectual disability in overweight children was 0%,while the detection rate of low,marginal,and extremely excellent intelligence in obese children was 0%.The IQ of children in the growth retardation group and non growth retardation group were 99.5 and 103.3,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(U=171.000,P<0.05).The intelligence of children with different height development levels is statistically significant(H=55.174,P<0.001),and the average intelligence of children increases with the increase of height levels.The detection rate of low and marginal intelligence among children with upp

关 键 词：营养状况 身高发育 智力 农村 儿童 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]