清季同光年间的华洋船运纠纷及其解决  

Sino-Foreign Shipping Disputes and its Solution During Tongzhi-Guangxu Period in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：蔡晓荣 CAI Xiao-rong

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第6期95-105,共11页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代中外条约研究学术文献的搜集、整理与学术史研究(1842—1949)”(21&ZD198)。

摘　　要：第一次鸦片战争后,随着中国江海航运权渐次为外强所攘夺,西方航运势力开始大举东侵。及至同光之际,华洋船运纠纷层见叠出。就纠纷样态言之,该时期的华洋船运纠纷主要包括租船纠纷、船只载运纠纷、船碰纠纷等。就纠纷之解决来看,列强驻华领事或司法机构在裁处华商华船禀控洋商洋船之纠纷案时,多凭借西律或西方航运惯例曲护洋商洋船;而中国各埠洋务衙门或上海租界会审公廨对华洋船运纠纷之处理,则由于斯时航运规章阙如,无断偿之例,兼受外力之压迫,处处掣肘。当然,在各类华洋船运纠纷中,又以船碰纠纷尤甚。为预防和解决华洋船碰纠纷,清政府制定和颁布了一系列行船防碰章程,使得欧西各国通行之航运惯例和行船章程得以引入中国,从而成为中国近代新式航运立法之滥觞。During Tongzhi-Guangxu Period in the late Qing Dynasty,as the shipping right of inland river and coast was robbed by westerners after the first Opium War,the shipping business of western countries started to gain its prominent influence in China increasingly.Accordingly,sino-foreign ship⁃ping disputes occurred repeatedly.As far as the modes of the disputes were concerned,they mainly in⁃cluded chartering dispute,shipping dispute,collision dispute and so on.When it comes to the dispute resolution,the western judiciary organizations in China often quoted the western law and shipping cus⁃tom to shield foreign ships in their judgement on the cases of the disputes.However,when the Chinese local governments and judicial bodies dealt with those disputes,they always got stymied or even forced to be manipulated by foreigners.Of course,among all kinds of shipping disputes,ship collision was the most prominent one.However,a series of anti-collision regulations issued by the late Qing government to prevent and solve ship collision disputes between China and foreign countries became the beginning of modern Chinese new shipping legislation.

关 键 词：同光年间 江海航运权 船运纠纷 华洋诉讼 防碰章程 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]