基于铜尾矿生态化利用的矿山修复技术试验研究  

Research on mine remediation technology based on ecological utilization of copper tailings

作　　者：毛喆 杨涛涛 张金桃 廖斌[3] MAO Zhe;YANG Taotao;ZHANG Jintao;LIAO Bin(Guangdong Jiangtong Taolin Eco-Environmental Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512000,China;Guangdong Heavy Metal Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center,Shaoguan 512000,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东江铜桃林生态环境有限公司,韶关512000 [2]广东省重金属矿山生态修复工程技术研究中心,韶关512000 [3]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2024年第5期790-798,共9页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B110207001);广东省乡村振兴战略专项(200716106270603);韶关市科技计划项目(220716096270196)。

摘　　要：铜尾矿的大规模堆存和矿山修复中优质客土的不足已成为矿山企业面临的两大难题。为了同时解决以上问题,以某铜尾矿为研究对象,基于“以废治废”的理念,通过对尾矿添加石灰、土壤改良基质、微生物菌剂、磷肥、复合肥进行掺混改良,改善其返酸、重金属毒性和寡营养等不利于植物生长的条件,并将改良尾矿替代优质客土用于尾矿库库坝的生态修复,实现生态化利用。结果表明:野外试验实施三个月后,改良后的尾矿理化性质得到较好的改善;试验区域植被恢复效果显著,整体覆盖度高达96%,生物多样性高,已记录的植物品种达到16种;铜尾矿利用的掺混比例达到93%。该试验成果有助于大量堆存铜尾矿的综合利用,并可为粤港澳大湾区同类矿山的生态环境保护工作提供一定的思路。Background,aim,and scope The disposal of massive amounts of mine tailings has remained a major challenge for the mining industry in China.Thus,it is urgent to find a suitable way to reuse these mine wastes.On the other hand,there is often a lack of high-quality external soil for mine rehabilitation.While mine tailings have potential as a alternative,the feasibility in practical implementation has not been systematically investigated.To this end,we have collected tailings from a copper mine.Lime,soil amendments,microbial agent,phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer were added to improve the physiochemical properties and nutrient conditions.The effectiveness of using these improved tailings as a substrate in the ecological restoration of degraded mine lands was evaluated in a field revegetation test in a tailings pond.Materials and methods Firstly,a simple pot experiment was carried out in the laboratory.Lime,soil amendments,microbial agent,phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer were added to improve the copper tailings,and the composition and dosage of these improvement materials were preliminarily confirmed.In order to further verify the feasibility of using the improved tailings as a substrate for plant growth,a field pilot test was carried out in a tailings impoundment,and the changes of physical and chemical properties of tailings and the growth of plants were investigated three months after revegetation.Results The results of the three-month experiment demonstrated a feasibility of ecological utilization of the mine tailings.Specifically,the physical and chemical properties of the modified tailings were significantly improved,with an apparent increase of pH(approaching a neutral value)and a reduction of electrical conductivity by 68.3%.Meanwhile,the acid production potential of the tailings was effectively controlled.The concentrations of available Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd decreased by 64.4%,71.1%,78.4%and 70.0%respectively and the contents of organic matter,total phosphorus and total nitrogen was 12.0,4.4

关 键 词：铜尾矿 基质改良 生态修复 生态化利用 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]