生产、销售、提供假药罪中假药的认定问题——以保护法益为实质导向  

On the Determination of Counterfeit Drugs in the Offense of Producing,Selling and Providing Counterfeit Drugs——Substantive Orientation to the Protection of Legal Benefits

作　　者：郭婷[1] GUO Ting(Sichuan University,Chendu,Sichuan 610211,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学,四川成都610211

出　　处：《医学与法学》2024年第6期28-37,共10页Medicine and Jurisprudence

基　　金：安徽法治与社会安全研究中心项目“风险社会背景下过失不作为犯罪治理研究”(项目编号:FZSH2022CX-26);国家民委日本应急管理研究中心课题“日本灾害事故的刑事治理研究”(项目编号:2023RBYJGL-12)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：有涉生产、销售、提供假药罪的法规调整,使得假药认定标准适用困难。探析该罪所侵害的法益之内容及梳理法定犯和自然犯理论,应明确生产、销售、提供假药罪是法定犯,当以违反行政法律规范作为该罪构成要件的规范要素,并根据法定犯的违法相对性论来发挥我国《刑法》对假药认定标准的实质判断作用。尽管药品管理秩序和公众生命健康均为该罪所侵害而应予保护的法益,但以后者为内容的规范保护目的是实质判断的依据。如此一来,就基本解决了假药认定标准的行刑衔接问题。为了完善该衔接流程,应允许被告人对初步认定的假药提出反证;同时由于行政法中假药和劣药的分界不清,导致刑法中也出现类似问题,还可以分析法律文本而在刑法中直接规定二者的界分标准,将假药和劣药认定为种属关系以及完善假药的一般性概念来解决问题。The modification of the crime of producing,selling and providing counterfeit medicines has made it difficult to apply the criteria for recognizing counterfeit medicines.By analyzing the content of the legal interests of the crime and sorting out the theories of statutory and natural crimes,we should make clear that the crime of producing,selling and providing counterfeit medicines is a statu⁃tory crime,and the violation of administrative legal norms should be used as a normative element of the constituent elements of this crime,and bring into play the role of substantive judgment of China's Criminal Law on the criteria for the determination of counterfeit medicines in accordance with the theory of relativity of violations of law in the case of statutory crimes.Although both the order of drug administration and public life and health are the protective legal interests of this crime,the purpose of normative protection with the lat⁃ter as the content is the basis for substantive judgment.In this way,it basically solves the problem of the linkage between the execution and punishment of the criteria for the determination of counterfeit drugs.In order to improve this process,the defendant should be al⁃lowed to provide counter-evidence against the preliminary determination of counterfeit drugs.Meanwhile,the unclear demarcation be⁃tween fake and substandard drugs in administrative law has led to similar problems in criminal law.We can also analyze the legal text and directly stipulate the boundary standard between the two in the criminal law,identify the relationship between fake drugs and infe⁃rior drugs as species,and improve the general concept of fake drugs to solve the problem.

关 键 词：生产、销售、提供假药罪 假药 法益 法定犯 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生] D914[政治法律—刑法学]