青海湖流域生态系统水分利用效率时空特征及驱动分析  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Driving Analysis of Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency in the Qinghai Lake Basin

作　　者：赵浩然 曹生奎 雷义珍[1,2] 陈链璇 李文斌 康利刚 ZHAO Hao-ran;CAO Sheng-kui;LEI Yi-zhen;CHEN Lian-xuan;LI Wen-bin;KANG Li-gang(Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,School of Geographical Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education),Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,People’s Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China;College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008 [4]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第11期3554-3566,共13页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061008);青海省“昆仑英才”行动计划项目(青人才字[2024]1号)资助。

摘　　要：本文以青海湖流域为研究对象,利用2000-2020年生长季总初级生产力和蒸散发量遥感影像数据,借助地理信息系统技术计算并研究了近21年生长季青海湖流域生态系统水分利用效率(Water use efficiency,WUE)时空特征,结合近21年生长季平均气温、降水量等数据,采用数理统计方法探讨了该流域WUE的驱动因子。结果表明,近21年生长季青海湖流域单位面积WUE平均值在0.06~2.88 g·m^(-2)·mm^(-1)间变化,年际间呈显著下降趋势(R^(2)=0.39,P<0.05)。在空间上,青海湖流域多年生长季WUE平均值呈带状分布,其高值区主要分布在流域的南部和中部。WUE时空变化受自然环境因子和人类活动共同驱动,自然环境因子和人类活动对WUE斜率值的贡献分别为-0.78和0.76 g·m^(-2)·mm^(-1)·a^(-1)。其中,自然环境因子是主要驱动力。生长季青海湖流域Hurst指数均值为0.45,WUE变化的反向特征比同向特征更明显,其中72.09%的地区表现为逆向持续性。The spatial and temporal characteristics of ecosystem water use efficiency(WUE)in the Qinghai Lake Basin during the growing seasons from 2000 to 2020 were calculated based on the annual growing seasons gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration.These calculation and investigation were conducted using the geographic information system of the Qinghai Lake Basin as the study object,and in conjunction with the mean air temperature,precipitation among other factors during the growing season in the past 21 years to ascertain the driving factors of WUE in the basin employing mathematical and statistical methods.The results showed that during the growing seasons in the past 21 years,the mean unit area WUE varied 0.06-2.88 g·m^(-2)·mm^(-1)and showed a significant decreasing trend(R^(2)=0.39,P<0.05).Spatially,the mean WUE in the Qinghai Lake Basin during the growing seasons was patchily distributed,with the high-values concentrated in the southern and central parts of the basin.The changes in WUE over time and space were influenced by both natural factors and human activities,contributing-0.78 g·m^(-2)·mm^(-1)·a^(-1)and 0.76 g·m^(-2)·mm^(-1)·a^(-1),respectively,and the natural environment was the key driving factor.The mean Hurst exponents in the Qinghai Lake Basin during the growing season was 0.45.The inverse characteristic of WUE was more pronounced than the isotropic characteristic,with 72.09%of the basin exhibiting inverse persistence.

关 键 词：水分利用效率 时空特征 驱动分析 青海湖流域 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]