块茎形成期不同灌溉量对油莎豆产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Levels on the Yield and Quality of the Cyperus esculentus L.at Tuber Stage

作　　者：张晴晴 杜艺 张玉林 张志浩 张波[1,2,3] 鲁艳 曾凡江[1,2,3] ZHANG Qing-qing;DU Yi;ZHANG Yu-lin;ZHANG Zhi-Hao;ZHANG Bo;LU Yan;ZENG Fan-jiang(Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem,Cele,Xinjiang 848300,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒848300 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]新疆大学生态与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第11期3636-3645,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B02040-1)资助。

摘　　要：为探究块茎形成期不同灌溉量对油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus L.)产量和品质的影响,以油莎豆(品种‘吉沙11号’)为试验材料,在块茎形成期设置CK(常规灌溉定额,525 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),W1(80%常规灌溉定额),W2(60%常规灌溉定额)三个处理,在收获期采集饲草、块茎和土壤样品,分析饲草和块茎的产量、品质及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明:减少灌溉量显著降低块茎产量、千粒重、土壤含水率和pH值(P<0.05),W2处理土壤全磷和有效磷含量显著高于CK(P<0.05),块茎淀粉含量随灌溉量增加显著下降(P<0.05),W1处理饲草相对饲用价值显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),油莎豆产量和品质主要受土壤含水率、pH值、全磷和有效磷含量影响。不同灌溉量综合评价排序为:W1>W2>CK,即块茎形成期最佳灌溉定额为420 m^(3)·hm^(-2)有利于南疆地区油莎豆兼得高产高品质。本研究结果为油莎豆的规模化种植提供理论依据。A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation levels at tuber forming stage on the yield,quality of the Cyperus esculentus L.and soil physicochemical properties.The cultivar‘Jisha 11’was selected as the experimental material,and three water treatments were set,CK(normal irrigation quota,525 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),W1(80%of normal irrigation quota),and W2(60%of normal irrigation quota)during the tuber stage.Forage,tuber and soil samples were collected during the harvest period,and the differences in yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of forage and tuber were analyzed.The results showed that reducing irrigation significantly reduced tuber yield,1000-grain weight,soil moisture content and pH(P<0.05).The soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents of W2 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK(P<0.05).The starch content of tuber decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount(P<0.05).The relative forage value of W1 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).Yield and quality of the C.esculentus were mainly influenced by soil moisture content,pH,TP(Total phosphorus)and AP(Available phosphorus)content.The comprehensive evaluation of different irrigation amounts was ranked as follows:W1>W2>CK,that is,the optimal irrigation quota for tuber formation was 420 m^(3)·hm^(-2),which was beneficial to the high yield and high quality of C.esculentus in southern Xinjiang.Our results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale cultivation of C.esculentus.

关 键 词：油莎豆 块茎形成期 灌溉量 产量和品质 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]