水下垂直运动航行体的尾喷流特性实验  

Experiment on the tail supersonic jets characteristics of an underwater vertically moving vehicle

作　　者：张春 许统华[1] 刘新辉 王宝寿[1] ZHANG Chun;XU Tonghua;LIU Xinhui;WANG Baoshou(National Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics,China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi Jiangsu 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心水动力学全国重点实验室,江苏无锡214082

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第10期435-444,共10页Journal of Aerospace Power

摘　　要：针对水下航行体尾部绕流与超声速气体射流相互作用的流动问题,开展了水下垂直运动航行体的尾喷流特性实验,通过高速摄像系统记录空泡形态演变过程,并采用动态测力系统测量空泡流发展过程中航行体底部压力的脉动特征。结果表明:静水环境中超声速气体射流形成的空泡主体形态逐渐演变为类椭球状气囊,局部发生Rayleigh-Taylor失稳后出现鼓包现象,射流贯穿距离随喷管扩张比的增加而减少;剪切绕流中通气启动阶段可能形成不对称空泡壁面,绕流与射流相互作用进而导致空泡发生摆动,稳定工作阶段空泡摆动现象逐渐消失;射流对喷管近场不断产生扰动,航行体底部压力相继呈现瞬态冲击压力峰值、初期宽幅脉动、工作阶段高频脉动、出水后停止脉动的特征;航行体高速运动形成的剪切绕流可以抑制尾喷流高频振荡,200~1200 Hz频带段内的压力振荡信号显著减少。Considering the interaction between the flow around underwater vehicles and the supersonic gas jets,supersonic gas jets submerged in ambient liquid environment from a vertically moving vehicle were experimentally studied.In the experiments,a high-speed camera system was used to observe the evolution of the gas jet bubbles,and a dynamic pressure measurement system was used to measure the pressure fluctuation at underwater vehicle bottom.The results showed that the main shape of the cavity formed by the supersonic gas jets in still water gradually changed into quasi-ellipsoid ones.Due to the influence of Rayleigh-Taylor instability,the bulge phenomenon occurred in some domains close to the nozzle outlet.The jet penetration distance decreased with the increase of nozzle expansion ratios.For the tail jets characteristics of an underwater vertically moving vehicle,asymmetric cavity walls may be formed at the start-up stage of ventilation.The interaction between the flow around underwater vehicles and supersonic gas jets led to the cavity oscillations,which gradually disappeared in the working stage.The supersonic gas jets continuously disturbed the near-field flow,and the vehicle bottom pressure successively presented the characteristics of transient impact pressure peak,wide fluctuation in the initial stage,high frequency fluctuation in the working stage,and stable atmospheric pressure after water exit.The shear flow generated by the high-speed motion of the vehicle can suppress the high frequency oscillation of the tail jets,and the pressure oscillation in the 200—1200 Hz frequency band was significantly reduced.

关 键 词：水下航行体 垂直运动 尾喷流 空泡 多相流 流场特性 

分 类 号：V475.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TJ762.4[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] O358[理学—流体力学] O359[理学—力学]