基于振动信号的电机故障诊断  

Fault Diagnosis of Motor Based on Vibration Signal

作　　者：郭旭 GUO Xu(The 27th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Zhengzhou 450047,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第二十七研究所,郑州450047

出　　处：《电光系统》2024年第3期1-9,共9页Electronic and Electro-optical Systems

摘　　要：振动噪声在电机运行期间始终存在,其中包含着大量可以反映系统整体状态的信息,在电机的故障诊断领域有着广泛的应用。以3对极27槽电机为研究对象,通过解析法和有限元法分析了电机健康状态下电磁场、径向电磁力在空载下的时间分布和空间分布。通过模态叠加法分析了电机健康状态下的振动噪声。建立了电机均匀退磁故障仿真模型,分析了均匀退磁故障下电机的电磁场、径向电磁力和振动模态,从振动分析的角度对电机进行了均匀退磁故障的特征提取和状态分类。建立了电机匝间短路故障仿真模型,分析了其振动响应,根据其振动特征进行了匝间短路故障的分类识别。验证了振动信号在退磁故障和匝间短路故障诊断的有效性。Vibration noise is always present during the operation of motor,which contains the large amount of information that can reflect the overall state of system,and has a wide range of applications in the field of motor fault diagnosis.Taking the 3-pair 27-slot motor as the research object,the time distribution and space distribution of electromagnetic field and radial electromagnetic force under no-load and load conditions are analyzed through analytical method and finite element method.The paper establishes a simulation model of the motor stator housing,analyzes the modal vibration patterns of the motor at different frequencies,and the vibration noise under the motor health condition is analyzed by the modal superposition method.A simulation model of uniform demagnetization fault of the motor is established,and the electromagnetic field,radial electromagnetic force and vibration mode of the motor under the uniform demagnetization fault are analyzed,and the feature extraction and state classification of the uniform demagnetization fault of the motor are carried out from the perspective of vibration analysis.A simulation model of motor turn-to-turn short-circuit fault is established,its vibration response is analyzed,and the classification of turn-to-turn short-circuit fault is identified according to its vibration characteristics.The effectiveness of vibration signal in demagnetization fault and turn-to-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis is verified.

关 键 词：永磁同步电机 振动信号 故障诊断 特征提取 

分 类 号：TM307.1[电气工程—电机]