中国南方地区稻鱼共生系统的研究进展与思考  

Progress and prospect on the rice-fish system in southern China

作　　者：陈欣[1] 胡中元 赵璐峰 郝向举[2] 李坚明 何金钊 胡亮亮[1] 唐建军[1] CHEN Xin;HU Zhongyuan;ZHAO Lufeng;HAO Xiangju;LI Jianming;HE Jinzhao;HU Liangliang;TANG Jianjun(College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;National Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Beijing 100125,China;Aquaculture Technology Extension Station of Guangxi,Nanning 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]全国水产技术推广总站,北京100125 [3]广西壮族自治区水产技术推广站,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第6期825-835,共11页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U21A20184);广东省重点研发计划(2021B0202030002);浙江省重点研发计划(2022C02058)。

摘　　要：稻田的水热环境是鲤科Cyprinidae鱼类天然适生生境,由此演育出了稻鱼共生系统。我国南方山丘区的稻鱼共生系统具有悠久的历史,是利用当地水热和景观条件而发展起来的独特稻作系统,对增加稻田产出、稳定农民收入、保护当地生物资源起着重要作用。本文概述了我国南方山丘区稻鱼共生系统的发展历程;从稻鱼共生系统的生产力、有害生物的控制和农药减量、土壤碳氮保持和肥料减量、甲烷产生和氧化及排放、水资源利用与保护以及遗传多样性保育等方面综述了稻鱼共生系统的研究进展;分析了我国南方山丘区稻鱼共生产业发展的潜力和可持续发展的路径,并对稻鱼共生系统今后的研究方向进行了展望。A paddy field with shallow water provides a suitable environment for aquatic animals such as cyprinid fish,which makes it possible to develop the rice-fish coculture system.Raising fish in paddy field has a long history in hilly regions of southern China.The rice-fish coculture system has become an important rice farming system in this area,which plays an important role in increasing productivity,stabilizing farmers’income,and preserving local genetic resources.In this paper,we outlined the development of rice-fish coculture system in southern China,reviewed the recent studies on ecological functions of the rice-fish coculture system(e.g.productivity,pest control and pesticide reduction,soil carbon and fertility maintenance with low fertilizers,methane emission and oxidation,water resource use and the local genetic diversity preservation).The potential and possible approaches for the sustainable development of rice-fish coculture were discussed.The future researches on rice-fish coculture were prospected.

关 键 词：稻鱼共生系统 生态过程 遗传多样性 保育 发展潜力 可持续发展 南方山丘区 

分 类 号：S964.2[农业科学—水产养殖]