氮肥后移对稻鱼共生模式下水稻和禾花鲤鱼生长及田间水质环境的影响  

Effects of postponing nitrogen application on rice and carp growth and paddy field water quality in rice-fish co-culture system

作　　者：李妹娟 张汇成 唐颖 王勇尚 叶群欢 尹媛红 胡香玉 胡锐 王昕钰 钟旭华[1] 梁开明[1] 潘俊峰[1] 傅友强[1] 刘彦卓[1] LI Meijuan;ZHANG Huicheng;TANG Ying;WANG Yongshang;YE Qunhuan;YIN Yuanhong;HU Xiangyu;HU Rui;WANG Xinyu;ZHONG Xuhua;LIANG Kaiming;PAN Junfeng;FU Youqiang;LIU Yanzhuo(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High-Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(省部共建),广东广州510640 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第6期878-888,共11页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2020A1515110143,2022A1515011450);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(32301374);广东省重点领域研发计划(2021B0202030002)。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在探究稻鱼共生模式下氮肥后移对水稻Oryza sativa产量、稻米品质、氮肥利用率、田鱼存活率、田鱼产量、鱼肉品质以及稻田水质环境的影响,为该模式下稳定水稻产量和田鱼产量、提高氮肥利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交稻‘泰丰优208’和常规稻‘19香’以及禾花鱼Cyprinus carpio品种‘乳源石鲤1号’为试验材料,设计不施氮肥(M0)、一次性基施氮肥(M1,不添加追肥)和氮肥后移(M2,基肥和追肥质量比为7∶3)共3个试验处理,施氮处理的总施氮量为早季150 kg·hm^(−2)和晚季180 kg·hm^(−2)。【结果】与M1处理相比,M2处理的水稻茎蘖数、中后期叶片SPAD值和氮素吸收利用率(REN)提高。早、晚季M2处理的REN分别比M1处理提高25.82%~91.11%和62.74%~67.35%,M1和M2处理的稻米碾磨品质与外观品质无显著差异。M2处理显著增加了水稻穗分化初期的水体电导率以及总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量(P<0.05),同时显著降低了鲤鱼肉粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),但对禾花鲤鱼存活率和产量无显著影响。【结论】稻鱼共生系统中氮肥后移在稳定水稻和禾花鲤鱼产量的同时,可以提高水稻氮肥利用率,降低禾花鲤鱼粗脂肪含量,对稻米品质和鲤鱼肉蛋白质及总氨基酸含量无显著影响。【Objective】This study aims to explore the effects of postponing nitrogen fertilization in the ricefish co-culture system on rice(Oryza sativa)yield and grain quality,nitrogen utilization rate,fish survival rate,fish yield,fish meat quality,as well as paddy field water quality.This research would provide a theoretical basis for stabilizing rice and fish yields and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice fields under the rice-fish co-culture system.【Method】The study used hybrid rice‘Taifengyou 208’,conventional rice‘19 Xiang’and Cyprinus carpio variety‘Ruyuanshili 1’as experimental materials.Based on a total nitrogen application rate of 150 kg·hm^(−2) for early season and 180 kg·hm^(−2) for late season,three experimental treatments were designed:No nitrogen fertilizer application(M0),one-time basal nitrogen fertilizer application(M1,the top dressing fertilizer was not added),and postponing nitrogen application(M2,the mass ratio of basal fertilizer and top dressing fertilizer was 7∶3).【Result】Compared to the M1 treatment,M2 treatment was more beneficial for improving the rice tiller numbers,leaf SPAD values and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency(REN)at heading stage,the REN of M2 treatment increased by 25.82%−91.11%and 62.74%−67.35%in early and late rice growing seasons respectively.There was no significant difference in milling quality and appearance quality of rice between M1 and M2 treatments.M2 treatment significantly increased the paddy water electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen contents at rice panicle initial stage(P<0.05),while significantly reduced the crude fat content in carp meat(P<0.05).However,it had no significant effect on the survival rate or yield of fish.【Conclusion】In the rice-fish co-culture system,postponing nitrogen application can stabilize rice and carp yield,improve nitrogen use efficiency,and reduce crude fat content of carp meat,with no significant effect on rice quality or the protein an

关 键 词：稻鱼共生 氮肥后移 产量稳定性 氮肥利用率 鱼肉品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S964.2