不同饮食模式与阿尔茨海默病的关系及其机制进展  

Progress in the relationship between different dietary patterns and Alzheimer′s disease and related mechanism

作　　者：何明月 罗冬梅 张巍[2] He Mingyue;Luo Dongmei;Zhang Wei(Department of Neurology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100070,China;Center for Cognitive Neurology,Department of Neurology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心,北京100070 [2]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经病学中心认知障碍性疾病科,北京100070

出　　处：《中华神经科杂志》2024年第11期1281-1289,共9页Chinese Journal of Neurology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1306300);首都卫生发展科研专项(2022-2-2048);北京市重大疑难疾病阿尔茨海默病中西医协同攻关项目(2023BJSZDYNJBXTGG-018);北京市中医药科技发展资金(JJ2018-48)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的认知障碍类型,也是一种具有复杂病理和发病机制的神经退行性疾病。然而,目前该病仍缺乏有效的治疗手段,探索切实可行的防治新措施迫在眉睫。研究结果表明,干预危险因素和生活方式可降低AD的发病率并延缓疾病进展。应用地中海饮食、生酮饮食、热量限制等饮食模式可通过减少神经病理蛋白沉积、抑制神经炎症和氧化应激、增强自噬和改善突触可塑性等多种机制改善AD患者的认知功能,表明饮食干预可能是AD潜在的治疗新策略。文中综述了不同饮食模式对AD的发生、进展、病理及机制的影响。Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is the most common type of cognitive impairment,characterized by complex pathology and pathogenesis.Regrettably,the effective therapeutic approaches remain unfulfilled,underscoring the pressing need to explore innovative preventive and therapeutic avenues.Research has illuminated the potential of intervening in risk factors and modifying lifestyle choices to diminish the incidence and decelerate the progression of AD.Notably,dietary patterns,such as Mediterranean diet,ketogenic diet,and calorie restriction have emerged as promising candidates for bolstering cognitive function in AD patients.These dietary approaches achieve this by multiple mechanisms,including mitigating the accumulation of neuropathological proteins,curbing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,fortifying autophagy,and enhancing synaptic plasticity,etc.These findings strongly suggest that dietary intervention harbors the potential to serve as a novel and viable therapeutic strategy for AD.This review summarized the effects of different dietary patterns on the occurrence,progression,pathology and mechanism of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 饮食习惯 认知 炎症 氧化性应激 TAU蛋白质类 淀粉样蛋白 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]