采收成熟度对晾制后雪茄烟叶糖碱组分及致香物质的影响  

Effects of harvest maturity on contents of sugars,alkaloids and aroma substances in air-cured cigar tobacco leaves

作　　者：钟仙韵 邱懿 王晓园[2] 叶为民[2] 雷佳[2] 曾嘉楠 邓世媛[1] 陈建军[1] 王媛媛 ZHONG Xianyun;QIU Yi;WANG Xiaoyuan;YE Weimin;LEI Jia;ZENG Jianan;DENG Shiyuan;CHEN Jianjun;WANG Yuanyuan(College of Agronomy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510610,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广州市510642 [2]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广州市510610

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第10期45-58,共14页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“基于加热卷烟产品需求的国产雪茄烟叶发酵和醇化研究”(2022440000340032);华南农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“不同品种雪茄烟生长发育特性差异的比较研究”(S202210564052)。

摘　　要：为明确采收成熟度对晾制后雪茄烟叶糖碱组分及致香物质的影响,以海研101(HY101)和海研200(HY200)为试验材料,研究打顶后14 d(M1)、21 d(M2)和28 d(M3)时采收雪茄烟叶的成熟特征及其对晾制后水溶性糖、生物碱和致香物质含量(质量分数)的影响,并通过结构方程模型推测不同采收成熟度导致晾制后雪茄烟叶糖碱组分及致香物质含量差异的影响因素。结果表明:(1)随采收成熟度的提高,鲜烟叶质体色素代谢水平显著降低,叶片黄化面积增加。(2)随采收成熟度的提高,晾制后雪茄烟叶蔗糖含量逐渐降低,葡萄糖、果糖和麦芽糖含量逐渐增加,而烟碱、假木贼碱和新烟草碱含量(HY200)无显著差异。(3)正交偏最小二乘判别模型分析表明,不同采收成熟度的雪茄烟叶晾制后香气物质含量差异显著。其中,M1处理类胡萝卜素降解产物和芳香族氨基酸降解产物含量较高,M2和M3处理美拉德反应产物含量较高。(4)模型分析表明,雪茄烟叶质体色素含量可直接或间接影响晾制后类胡萝卜素降解产物含量,或通过影响葡萄糖和麦芽糖含量间接影响美拉德反应产物的积累。因此,打顶后14 d时采收雪茄烟叶质体色素积累量最高,在晾制过程中有利于充分降解为类胡萝卜素降解产物,雪茄烟叶花香和清香特征明显。在此基础上适当延迟采收,鲜烟叶质体色素含量降低、光合产物积累量增加,晾制过程中雪茄烟叶蔗糖可充分降解为单糖,为美拉德反应提供充分底物,进而间接促进美拉德反应产物的积累。因此,建议广东烟区HY101和HY200雪茄烟品种的中部叶在打顶后21 d采收为宜。To investigate the effects of harvest maturity on the contents of sugars,alkaloids and aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves after air-curing,the maturity characteristics of leaves from two cigar tobacco varieties,Haiyan 101(HY101)and Haiyan 200(HY200),harvested at 14 days(M1 treatment),21 days(M2 treatment)and 28 days(M3 treatment)after topping were analyzed.The effects of maturity levels on the contents(mass fractions)of water-soluble sugars,alkaloids and aroma substances after air-curing were also studied.A structural equation model was used to predict the key factors driving the variations in sugars,alkaloids and aroma substances among the cigar tobacco leaves with different harvest maturity levels.The results showed that:1)As harvest maturity increased,the metabolism level of plastid pigments in fresh leaves decreased significantly,accompanied by an expansion of the yellowing region in the leaves.2)After air-curing,the sucrose content decreased gradually with increasing harvest maturity,whereas the contents of glucose,fructose and maltose increased gradually.However,the contents of nicotine,neonicotine and anatabine in HY200 leaves did not exhibit significant variations.3)The analysis results of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant model indicated that the aroma substance contents in the air-cured cigar tobacco leaves significantly varied at different harvest maturity levels.The contents of carotenoid degradation products and aromatic amino acid degradation products were higher in the M1 treatment,whereas the contents of Maillard reaction products were higher in the M2 and M3 treatments.4)Structural equation model analysis revealed that the plastid pigment level directly or indirectly influenced the contents of carotenoid degradation products after air-curing and indirectly affected the accumulation of Maillard reaction products by affecting the contents of glucose and maltose.Consequently,higher plastid pigment accumulation in the cigar tobacco leaves harvested 14 days after topping facilita

关 键 词：采收成熟度 雪茄烟 水溶性糖 生物碱 致香物质 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]