基于场域理论的美国亚太战略体系演变分析  

Analysis of the Evolution of the U.S.Asia-Pacific Strategic System Based on Field Theory

作　　者：杨美姣 YANG Mei-jiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100092

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2024年第6期47-61,125,共16页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大创新项目(2023YZD025)。

摘　　要：随着国际社会“时”与“势”的转变,国际政治格局发生了关键变化,美国的亚太战略演变路径也引起了学界的广泛关注。基于场域理论的模型,结合二战结束以来美国在亚太地区的战略发展历程,可以发现,强位势优势和高威胁认知的双重作用影响了“轴辐体系”的产生,弱位势优势和高威胁认知则刺激了“小多边”盟伴体系的建立。二战结束以来,美国的亚太战略架构经历了从“轴辐体系”到美式“小多边”盟伴体系的演变。在中美实力对比变化及地缘政治博弈升级的背景下,美国的亚太战略也显现出“变”与“不变”双重形态,“变”的是美国在亚太的位势优势有所减弱,“不变”的是其对亚太场域仍秉持着一种较高程度的威胁认知,均服务于美国的霸权护持。鉴于此,中国可以通过优化区域开放布局强化自身影响力、探索域内外交往新模式、提升国际传播效能等加以有效应对,在国际竞争中赢得更多战略主动。With the transformation in the"time"and"trend"of the international community,the international political landscape has undergone key changes,and the evolution of the U.S.Asia-Pacific strategy has attracted widespread attention from academia.Based on the model of the field theory,combined with the strategic development of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region since the end of the Second World War,it can be found that the dual effects of strong positional advantages and high threat perception have influenced the emergence of the hub-and-spokes system.Weak positional advantages and high threat perception have stimulated the establishment of the minilateral alliance system.Since the end of the Second World War,the U.S.Asia-Pacific strategic architecture has evolved from the hub-and-spokes system to the American-style minilateral"latticework"of alliances and partnerships.Against the backdrop of changes in the power comparison between China and the U.S.and the escalation of geopolitical games,the U.S.Asia-Pacific strategy also shows a dual form of change and constancy.The change lies in the United States'weakened positional advantage in the AsiaPacific,while the constancy is reflected in its continued high degree of threat perception in the Asia-Pacific field,all serving to maintain U.S.hegemony.In view of this,China can effectively respond by optimizing the regional opening layout to strengthen its influence,exploring new models of interaction both within and outside the region,and enhancing the effectiveness of international communication,thereby gaining strategic initiative in international competition.

关 键 词：位势 威胁认知 场域理论 轴辐体系 盟伴体系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]