2005—2020年中国国家及分省疾病监测点的肿瘤死亡疾病负担数据解读  

Interpretation of cancer death burden data from disease surveillance sites in China from 2005 to 2020

作　　者：章新 郑莹[2,3] ZHANG Xin;ZHENG Ying(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Department of Cancer Prevention,Fudan Uni-versity Shanghai Cancer Center,Shanghai 200032,China;Department of Oncology,Shanghai Medical College,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤预防部,上海200032 [3]复旦大学上海医学院肿瘤学系,上海200032

出　　处：《诊断学理论与实践》2024年第4期371-377,共7页Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice

基　　金：上海申康医院发展中心管理研究项目(2022SKMR⁃24)。

摘　　要：2023年,《2005—2020年中国国家和分省肿瘤负担趋势:国家死亡监测点数据分析》发布,该文数据覆盖全国31个省市人群的23个特定部位肿瘤的死亡率和人均减寿年数。分析提示,2020年,我国因肿瘤死亡人数为239.78万,死亡率为170.80/10万;各肿瘤的死亡人数顺位前10位为肺癌(76.1万)、肝癌(36.77万)、胃癌(29.12万)、结直肠癌(18.24万)、食管癌(17.33万)、胰腺癌(10.04万)、乳腺癌(5.71万)、白血病(5.49万)、脑神经癌(5.42万)、子宫颈癌(4.48万),分别占因肿瘤死亡人数的百分比为32.0%、15.3%、12.1%、7.6%、7.2%、4.2%、2.4%、2.3%、2.3%、1.9%;死亡率分别为54.57/10万、26.19/10万、20.74/10万、13.00/10万、12.34/10万、7.15/10万、4.06/10万、3.91/10万、3.86/10万和3.19/10万。2020年,我国因肿瘤人均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)为23.60年,比2005年下降了3.74年,其中白血病导致的AYLL为37.35年,较2005年因白血病所致的AYLL 50.71年,降低了13.36年,但仍是导致寿命损失最多的肿瘤,前列腺癌为导致AYLL最少的肿瘤。我国肿瘤谱的构成出现正在向发达国家转变的可能。在发达国家高发的肺癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌,在中国呈现疾病负担增加趋势。2020年肺癌、乳腺癌和结直肠癌的死亡率在该阶段都上升,较2005年分别上升78.98%,19.41%和47.56%。GLOBOCAN2022提示,2020年我国各肿瘤发病率顺位前10位的为肺癌(40.8/10万)、乳腺癌(33.0/10万)、甲状腺癌(24.6/10万)、肝癌(20.1/10万)、子宫颈癌(15.0/10万)、胃癌(13.8/10万)、前列腺癌(13.7/10万)、食管癌(9.7/10万)、子宫癌(8.7/10万)和卵巢癌(6.8/10万)。中国和美国发病率前10位中有5个癌种重合,其中导致死亡人数首位的均为肺癌。肿瘤疾病谱的改变,让已经获得证实的肿瘤预防和控制措施的推广实施显得更为紧迫。In December 2023,the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published National and sub-national trends in cancer burden in China,2005-2020:an analysis of national mortality surveillance data.on Lancet Public Health,covering the mortality rate and average years of life lost from 23 specific tumor sites in people in 31 provinces and cities across the country.The analysis suggests that in 2020,the number of deaths from cancer in China was 2.3978 million,with a mortality rate of 170.80/100000.The top 10 tumor deaths cases are as follows:lung cancer 761,000,liver cancer 367,700,stomach cancer 291,200,colorectal cancer 182,400,esophageal cancer 173,300,pancreatic cancer 100,400,breast cancer 57,100,leukemia 54,900,cranial nerve cancer 54,200,cervical cancer 44,800,accounting for 32.0%,15.3%,12.1%,7.6%,7.2%,4.2%,2.4%,2.3%,2.3%,1.9%of the total number of deaths due to tumors,respectively.The mortality rates were 54.57/100000,26.19/100000,20.74/100000,13.00/100000,12.34/100000,7.15/100000,4.06/100000,3.91/100000,3.86/100000 and 3.19/100000,respectively.In 2020,the average years of life lost(AYLL)due to cancer in China was 23.60 years,which was 3.74 years lower than that in 2015.Among them,leukemia caused an AYLL of 37.35 years,with a decrease of 13.36 years from the AYLL of 50.71 years caused by leukemia in 2005,but it was still the tumor that caused the most life loss.Prostate cancer was the tumor that caused the least AYLL.The composition of China’s can-cer spectrum is changing to those in developed countries.Lung cancer,breast cancer and colorectal cancer,which are highly prevalent in developed countries,are showing an increasing disease burden trend in China.In 2020,the mortality rates of lung cancer,breast cancer and colorectal cancer all increased during this period,increasing by 78.98%,19.41%and 47.56%respectively compared with those in 2005.GLOBOCAN2022 suggests that the top 10 cancer incidence rates in China in 2020 are lung cancer(40.8/100000),breast cancer(33.0/100000),thyroid cancer(24.6/100000),l

关 键 词：肿瘤 死亡率 肿瘤谱 筛查 

分 类 号：R73-31[医药卫生—肿瘤]