有机肥施用量对燕麦–青贮玉米产量和N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effect of organic fertilizer application on oat-silage maize yield and N_(2)O emissions

作　　者：凤晓岗 汪永诚 刘书雅 马横宇 王寅 董召荣[1] 车钊 FENG Xiaogang;WANG Yongcheng;LIU Shuya;MA Hengyu;WANG Yin;DONG Zhaorong;CHE Zhao(Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention and Control/Anhui Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第11期2675-2684,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(FECPP202202);省级大学生创新训练项目(S202210364137)。

摘　　要：为明确有机肥施用量对燕麦(Avena sativa)-青贮玉米(Zea mays)系统产量和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放的影响,设置6个有机肥施用梯度:0、30、60、90、120和150 t·hm^(-2)(分别记为CK、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5))。通过静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定田间N_(2)O排放通量,结合土壤无机氮、温湿度、硝化势、反硝化能力和燕麦、青贮玉米产量综合分析,明确丰产减排的有机肥施用量和影响N_(2)O排放的主要因子。结果表明:随着有机肥施用量的增加,N_(2)O周年累计排放量呈现先增长后下降的趋势,表现为T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1),T_(1)~T_(5)处理青贮玉米季N_(2)O累计排放量均高于燕麦季。随着有机肥施用量增加,土壤硝化势呈先增加后减少趋势,土壤反硝化能力呈增加趋势,其中青贮玉米季反硝化能力高于燕麦季。T_(3)处理燕麦-青贮玉米周年产量最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。土壤温度、湿度和铵态氮含量是影响N_(2)O排放的主要因子。综上,90 t·hm^(-2)可作为燕麦-青贮玉米系统丰产减排的最佳有机肥施用量。In this study,we aimed at clarifying how organic fertilizer application affects yield and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions in an oat(Avena sativa)-silage maize(Zea mays)system.Therefore,we set up six organic fertilizer application gradients:0,30,60,90,120,and 150 t·ha^(-1)(marked as CK,T_(1)~T_(5) respectively).We determined the field N_(2)O emission flux by static chamber and gas chromatography,combined with soil inorganic nitrogen,temperature and moisture,nitrification potential,denitrification capacity,and crop yield assessment for a comprehensive analysis,to establish the optimal organic fertilizer amount for achieving a high yield and emission reduction as well as to reveal the main factors affecting N_(2)O emission.The results showed that with the increase in organic fertilizer amount,the cumulative annual N_(2)O emissions were increasing and then declining,with the trend of T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).The cumulative N_(2)O emission in silage maize season was higher in the T_(1) to T_(5) treatments than in the oat season.Soil nitrification potential was increasing,then declining and soil denitrification capacities increased with increasing organic fertilizer amounts.The denitrification capacity was higher in the silage maize season than in the oat season.The T_(3) treatment had the highest annual yield of oat-silage maize compared with other treatments(P<0.05).Soil temperature,moisture,and NH4+-N content were the main factors affecting N_(2)O emissions.In conclusion,an organic fertilizer application rate of 90 t·ha-1 would be optimal to improve crop yields and reduce N_(2)O emissions in an oat-silage maize system.

关 键 词：有机肥 燕麦 青贮玉米 产量 N_(2)O 硝化势 反硝化作用 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学] S548[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X144