秸秆降解菌的筛选及复合菌系构建  

Screening of straw-degrading strains and construction of complex microbial system

作　　者：陈海霞 潘大伟 全艳玲[1] 孙昊然 赵立男 张雨虹 CHEN Haixia;PAN Dawei;QUAN Yanling;SUN Haoran;ZHAO Linan;ZHANG Yuhong(School of Chemical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan 114051,China;Ansteel Group Mining Co.,Ltd.,Anshan 114001,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技大学化学工程学院,辽宁鞍山114051 [2]鞍钢集团矿业有限公司,辽宁鞍山114001

出　　处：《中国酿造》2024年第11期70-76,共7页China Brewing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0213406)。

摘　　要：该研究采用传统培养分离法、纤维素降解酶活力及玉米秸秆降解率的测定,从玉米秸秆中分离、筛选具有纤维素降解能力的菌株,并通过形态学观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定。综合考虑菌株门类、纤维素降解酶活性和玉米秸秆降解效果筛选优良菌株,考察各菌株间的拮抗性,并构建不同复合菌系(编号为S1~S8)。通过比较不同复合菌系的纤维素降解酶活力,最终构建高效秸秆降解复合菌系。结果表明,筛选、鉴定得到7株高效降解秸秆的优良菌株,分别为巨大芽孢杆菌(Priestia megaterium)S381-8、短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)S381-7、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)S381-3、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)S381-4、杆菌状链霉菌(Streptomyces bacillaris)S381-2、里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)S876-2、产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum)S876-6,各菌株间无拮抗性。以菌株S876-6、S876-2、S381-3、S381-2为中心菌株,协同菌株S381-7、S381-4、S381-8(各菌株菌悬液体积比1∶1)混合构建的复合菌系S8纤维素降解酶活力(25.58 U/mL)最高,并且经其处理后的秸秆表面物理结构更为疏松多孔,表明该复合菌系具有良好的秸秆降解潜力。In this study,the strains with cellulose degradation ability were isolated and screened from corn straw by traditional culture and separation method,detecting cellulose-degrading enzyme activities and corn straw degradation rates,and identified by morphological observation and molecular biology techniques.Considering the strain phylum,cellulose-degrading enzyme activity and corn straw degradation effect,the superior strains were screened,the antagonism between strains was investigated,and different composite microbial system(number as S1-S8)were constructed.By comparing the cellulose-degrading enzyme activities of different composite microbial system,the high-efficiency straw degradation composite microbial system was finally constructed.The results showed that 7 superior strains with high efficiency of straw degradation were screened and identified,which were Priestia megaterium S381-8,Brevibacillus brevis S381-7,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S381-3,Bacillus velezensis S381-4,Streptomyces bacillaris S381-2,Trichoderma reesei S876-2,Penicillium purpurogenum S876-6.There was no antagonism among the strains.The composite microbial system S8 was constructed with strains S876-6,S876-2,S381-3,and S381-2 as the central strains,and cooperative strains S381-7,S381-4,and S381-8(the suspension volume ratio of each strain 1∶1),the cellulose-degrading enzyme activity(25.58 U/ml)was the highest,and the physical structure of straw surface after treatment with the composite microbial system S8 was more porous,indicating that the composite microbial system had good straw degradation potential.

关 键 词：秸秆降解菌 纤维素酶活性 筛选 鉴定 复合菌系 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]