批判哲学与种族问题:米尔斯与科林赫尔德对康德“世界主义”与“种族主义”关系的两种处理方案  

Critical philosophy and Race:Mills and Kleingeld’s Two Solutions to the Relationship between Kant’s“Cosmopolitanism”and“Racism”

作　　者：井德宇 Jing De-yu

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学政治学系

出　　处：《德国哲学》2024年第1期27-43,266,共18页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：“如何处理康德思想中‘种族主义’和‘世界主义’的关系”是近30年西方康德种族思想研究的中心问题。对此,查尔斯·米尔斯和葆琳·科林赫尔德提出了各自的解决方案并相互辩驳。他们的方案都诉诸对康德实践哲学的新的整体性解读,并作为各自更大理论目标的一部分而使康德实践哲学介入当下议题。米尔斯利用“次人”概念重构康德的规范性学说,以获取批判“现实的自由主义”的立足点,并为黑人等其他种族争取以其独特的现代性经验参与到“理想的自由主义”的历史生成中的合理性与可能性。科林赫尔德则将此问题转变为一个哲学史研究中的诠释学问题,以期通过对这一问题的回答获得一个具有可操作性的中间立场,并在此基础上论证了米尔斯所反对的一个康德式的种族正义理论的可能性。此外,他们从外部带给康德哲学“一致性”的做法也提醒我们反思上述中心问题本身的合理性。“How to deal with the relationship between‘racism’and‘cosmopolitanism’in Kant’s thought?”It has been the central issue in the study of Kant’s thoughts of race for the past 30 years?Charles Mills and Pauline Kleingeld proposed their own solutions and argued with each other?Their solutions all appeal to a new holistic understanding of Kant’s practical philosophy,being parts of their larger theoretical goals to involve Kant’s practical philosophy into current issues?Mills reconstructs Kant’s normative theory by using the concept of“Untermenschen”to obtain a foothold for criticizing“realistic liberalism”,and strives for the rationality and possibility for blacks and other races to participate in the historical generation of“ideal liberalism”with their unique modernity experience?Kleingeld transformed“how to deal with racism and cosmopolitanism in Kant’s thought”into a hermeneutic question in the study of philosophical history through which she obtained an operable moderate by answering this question,and on this basis demonstrated the possibility of a Kantian theory of racial justice that Mills had opposed?In addition,their practice of bringing“consistency”to Kant’s philosophy from the outside also reminds us to reflect on the rationality of the central issue above?

关 键 词：康德 种族批判哲学 激进黑人康德主义 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]