音乐作为可听到的宇宙:论谢林的音乐哲学理论  

Music as the Audible Universe--On Schelling’s Theory of Philosophy of Music

作　　者：奚望 Xi Wang

机构地区：[1]福耀科技大学基础教学部

出　　处：《德国哲学》2024年第1期55-68,267,268,共16页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：谢林的音乐哲学不是以哲学的方式来研究音乐,而是在音乐的语境中呈现宇宙。宇宙作为一个整体,在自我规定中呈现差异性,即实在统一体、观念统一体及二者的无差别,对应艺术中的造型艺术、言语艺术及二者的综合。每一个统一体都是完整的宇宙,因此都始终包含这三个统一体。谢林强调,音乐因其物理发音属性和作为受造者的本性而是造型艺术;音乐之内划分为三个统一体即节奏(实在统一体)、转调(观念统一体)和旋律(无差别)。并且,当作为实在统一体的节奏把转调包揽在自身内时,音乐就是完满的;反之,以转调的特殊形式即和声为主的音乐,则在真正意义上是不完满的。这两种音乐的对立实际上是所谓古代艺术与现代艺术的对立,而这种对立将以现代艺术回归古代艺术,即观念统一体回归实在统一体而得到解决。这样,艺术将在未来再度成为完满的、整全的艺术。Schelling’s philosophy of music does not study art in a philosophical manner,but presents the construction of the universe in the context of music?The universe as a whole manifests its diversity through self-determination,i?e?,the real unity,the ideal unity and the indifference of the two,corresponding to,in art,the plastic art,the verbal art and their synthesis?Each of these unities is the complete universe and therefore continues to contain all three of them?Schelling emphasizes that music is a kind of plastic art due to its physical properties of articulation and its nature of being a created thing?Schelling goes on to divide the three unities within music into rhythm(the real unity),modulation(the ideal unity),and melody(the undifferentiated)?When rhythm as a real unity encompasses modulation within itself,music is complete?Conversely,music that primarily focuses on modulation in its particular form,such as harmony,is,in the true sense,incomplete?The contrast between these two kinds of music is in fact the contrast between his so-called ancient art and modern art,and this opposition will be resolved as modern art returns to ancient art,that is,the ideal unity returns to the real unity?In this way,art will once again become complete and whole in the future?

关 键 词：谢林 《艺术哲学》 音乐哲学理论 

分 类 号：B516.34[哲学宗教—外国哲学]