拔尖技术技能人才的成长轨迹、驱动因素与培育策略——基于65位世赛金牌得主发展历程的分析  

The Growth Trajectory,Driving Forces and Cultivation Approaches of Top Technical Talents:Based on the Growth of 65 Worldskills Gold Medalists

作　　者：高涵 刘小苗 王子成 GAO Han;LIU Xiaomiao;WANG Zicheng(School of Educational,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学教育学院,湘潭411201

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第21期56-65,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“全面乡村振兴下技能权威人才的精准培育机制研究”(BJA220242)的部分成果。

摘　　要：培育一大批拔尖技术技能人才是中国职业教育高质量发展的落脚点和现实归宿。本研究以65位世界技能大赛中国金牌得主为案例素材,通过扎根理论研究发现:拔尖技术技能人才成长历经技能初涉、建构、激增、高原和拔尖五个阶段,呈现“初学者-熟练者-精通者-反思者-创新者”的蜕变轨迹;其成长形塑是“情境-意识-时机”的整合过程,主要体现为环境配置、教育场域、主体动能、恰当时机的嵌构衔接,其中环境配置与教育场域是外部情境变量,主体动能是内部前置变量,恰当时机是随机变量,不同变量之间的随机组合作用于拔尖技术技能人才成长的方式和路径各有不同。基于此,提出构建多元主体协同的全周期育人机制、建立贯通式的一体化长学制培养体系、创新拔尖技术技能人才新质能力提升路径与优化职业发展政策工具的对策建议。The cultivation of a substantial number of highly proficient technical and skilled personnel represents the realistic demand and the ultimate goal of the high-quality development of China's vocational education.The study employs 65 Chinese gold medalists of the World Skills Competition as case materials and,through a process of theoretical inquiry,identifies five distinct stages in the growth of top-notch technical and skilled talents:initial skills,construction,surge,plateau,and top-notch.This trajectory is characterised by a metamorphosis from a state of"beginner-skilled-proficient-reflective-innovator".The metamorphosis trajectory of"beginner-proficient-proficient-reflector-innovator"is a process of"situation-consciousness-timing integration".This process is mainly embodied in the environmental configuration,educational field,subjective initiative,and the appropriate timing.The articulation is comprised of three variables:environmental configuration,educational field subjective motivation,and appropriate timing.The former two are external context variables,The third is an intra-individual antecedert variable and the last is a random variable.The combination of these variables plays a role in the growth of top-notch technical and skilled personnel in different ways and paths.In light of the aforementioned considerations,we put forward the following policy suggestions:the construction of a comprehensive education mechanism,which would benefit from the input of multiple subjects;the establishment of a coherent and integrated long-term academic training system;the creation of innovative pathways for the cultivation of new qualitative abilities among top technical and skilled professionals;and the optimisation of policy tools for career development.

关 键 词：拔尖技术技能人才 成长轨迹 驱动因素 扎根分析 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]