西辽河生态复苏进展与对策  

Achievements and measures of ecological restoration of the Xiliao River

作　　者：林岚[1] Lin Lan

机构地区：[1]水利部松辽水利委员会,长春130021

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第21期49-53,共5页China Water Resources

摘　　要：西辽河是我国七大江河中唯一处于断流状态的大江大河干流,2024年全国水利工作会议提出“力争实现西辽河干流全线过流”目标。分析了西辽河流域水资源条件及开发利用状况,根据水资源调查评价结果,流域水资源短缺且衰减剧烈,地下水水位持续下降,西辽河生态环境复苏面临河道断流、地下水超采、河道侵占、主河槽萎缩等主要问题。从强化流域水资源统一调度、强化水资源刚性约束、强化地下水综合治理、强化河湖管理4个方面,总结梳理了水利部松辽水利委员会为实现西辽河干流全线通水和流域生态复苏采取的主要措施。2020年以来,特别是2024年春季调度实施后,西辽河取得了有水河段和有水时长逐年增加、有效回补地下水等生态复苏进展。针对西辽河全面复苏,提出加快实施河道综合整治、优化站网建设与强化站网管理、加强产汇流规律等基础性研究、推动实施跨流域生态补水等对策。The Xiliao River is the only major river in China experiencing drying up,prompting the 2024 National Water Resources Working Conference to set a goal of achieving continuous flow throughout the Xiliao River mainstream.An analysis of the water resources conditions and development status in the Xiliao River basin,based on water resource surveys and assessments,reveals severe water shortages,rapid depletion,and a persistent drop in groundwater levels.Key challenges to ecological recovery in the Xiliao River include river course desiccation,groundwater over-extraction,river channel encroachment,and main riverbed shrinkage.This study summarizes the primary measures taken by the Songliao River Water Resources Commission of Ministry of Water Resources to restore continuous flow in the Xiliao River and achieve ecological recovery across the basin,focusing on four areas:strengthening integrated basin-wide water resource regulation,enforcing rigid constraints on water use,enhancing comprehensive groundwater management,and reinforcing river and lake management.Since 2020,especially following the scheduling adjustments in spring 2024,the Xiliao River has seen progressive ecological restoration,with increased water flow segments,extended water duration,and effective groundwater recharge.For full recovery of the Xiliao River,the study recommends accelerating comprehensive river channel improvement,optimizing and managing monitoring network construction,advancing fundamental research on runoff and confluence patterns,and promoting crossbasin ecological water replenishment.

关 键 词：西辽河 河道断流 水资源调度 生态补水 复苏河湖生态 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]