长江下游河湖水系连通的生态效应与联合调度  

Ecological effects of river-lake water system connecting in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its joint scheduling

作　　者：白雷雷 江和龙[1,2] 陆彦 吴攀[3] Bai Leilei;Jiang Helong;Lu Yan;Wu Pan

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京211135 [2]湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室,南京211135 [3]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第21期54-60,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金长江水科学联合项目“长三角中型通江湖泊群水系连通工程生态响应机理与动态调控”(U2240208);水利部重大科技项目“湖荡浮泥水力收集与低碳化处置成套技术”(SKS-2022084)。

摘　　要：现行的水系连通工程规划和实施普遍侧重于水资源调度、防洪抗旱和航运畅通等需求,对连通河湖水生态环境质量的影响机制和协同管理措施仍不明确。引江济太等水系连通工程在恢复长江下游水系连通性的同时,会引起河湖水位、水动力、水沙输移、水质等要素变化,促使水体和底质生境条件改变,导致河湖关键生物种群、生态系统结构及“清水草型”/“浊水藻型”生态类型动态演替,从而深刻影响河湖生态环境。在梳理河湖水系连通联合调度方法的基础上,提出开展长江下游河湖水系连通工程的科学调控,需将水文水动力联动、生境条件变化、生态系统响应、水系连通动态调控有机结合起来,系统分析水系连通下相连河湖的生态响应机理,建立水动力-水质-水生态耦合模型进行仿真模拟,提出保障防洪安全、生态流量、循环畅通的多目标联合调度方案,充分发挥其在水网建设、河湖生态环境复苏等方面的成效。Current planning and implementation of water system connectivity projects primarily focus on water resource scheduling,flood control,drought relief,and navigation needs,with limited clarity on how such projects impact the ecological environment quality of connected rivers and lakes,and on related collaborative management measures.Projects like the Water Diversion Project from the Yangtze River to the Taihu Lake,which restore connectivity in the lower Yangtze River,also lead to changes in water levels,hydrodynamics,sediment transport,and water quality within rivers and lakes.These changes alter the habitat conditions of water bodies and sediments,triggering shifts in key biological populations,ecosystem structures,and ecological types of“clear water with grass”/“turbid water with algae”,thereby profoundly affecting the ecological environment of rivers and lakes.Based on a review of joint scheduling methods for water system connectivity,it is proposed that scientific regulation of river-lake connectivity projects should incorporate hydrological and hydrodynamic linkages,habitat condition changes,ecosystem responses,and dynamic control of connectivity.A systematic analysis of the ecological response mechanisms of connected rivers and lakes is necessary,along with the establishment of a hydrodynamic-water quality-ecological coupling model for simulation.A multi-objective joint scheduling plan is proposed to ensure flood safety,ecological flow,and smooth circulation,thus maximizing the benefits of water network construction and contributing to the restoration of river and lake ecosystems.

关 键 词：河湖水系连通 生态响应 水生态系统 水动力-水质-水生态模型 多目标调控 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]