人工补水条件下内陆湖泊地表水-地下水循环演化及效应分析——以内蒙古自治区岱海为例  

Evolution and effects analysis of surface and groundwater cycle in inland lakes under artificial recharge conditions--a case study of the Daihai Lake,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：万伟锋 孙立群 杜亚军 王俊智 于向前[3] 廖梓龙[3] Wan Weifeng;Sun Liqun;Du Yajun;WangJunzhi;Yu Xiangqian;Liao Zilong

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),郑州450003 [3]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第21期69-76,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022062);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(MK2023J14)。

摘　　要：随着气候变化和人类强活动影响加剧,我国许多内陆湖泊出现了不同程度的萎缩和水质恶化问题,人工补水是缓解湖泊生态环境问题的有效途径之一,但同时人工补水将对湖泊及周边地下水循环系统产生显著的影响。以内蒙古岱海为例,在分析湖泊萎缩原因基础上,研究了天然和人工补水条件下地表水-地下水循环演化机制及补水后湖水和地下水的交互响应,并基于不同补水工况预测了未来耗补新平衡态趋势。研究表明:人工开采是造成湖水量衰减的主要原因,岱海生态应急工程补水和压采保护治理对抑制岱海湖面萎缩起到积极作用,2022年9月至2023年3月补水期间,湖面面积变化量同比平均减小0.79 km^(2),减小幅度明显下降,地下水统测流场显示湖周边原有的地下水开采漏斗已基本恢复,地下水水位呈上升趋势,但由于补水量远未达到设计量以及补水的滞后效应,补水效果尚不显著;其次,围绕耗补新平衡态趋势迭代计算了每年人工补水2000万m^(3)和4466万m^(3)水量情况下10年后岱海湖面面积,计算结果分别达到58.7 km^(2)和71.9 km^(2)。研究可为变化条件下内流区地表水-地下水转化关系研究以及岱海流域水资源保护和管理提供基础依据。As climate change and human activity intensify,many inland lakes in China are experiencing varying degrees of shrinkage and deterioration in water quality.Artificial water replenishment is an effective approach to mitigate ecological and environmental problems in these lakes;however,it also significantly affects the lake and surrounding groundwater systems.Focusing on the Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia,this study analyzes the causes of lake shrinkage and examines the evolution of surface water–groundwater cycling under both natural and artificial replenishment conditions.It also explores the interactive responses between lake water and groundwater following replenishment.Based on different replenishment scenarios,future trends toward a new consumption and replenishment balance are projected.The findings indicate that artificial extraction is the primary cause of the lake’s water volume reduction.Ecological emergency replenishment and measures to restrict groundwater extraction have played a positive role in curbing the shrinkage of the Daihai Lake.During the replenishment period from September 2022 to March 2023,the lake surface area reduced by an average of 0.79 km^(2) year-over-year,marking a significant slowdown in the rate of shrinkage.Groundwater monitoring data reveal that the previously existing groundwater depletion areas around the lake have largely recovered,and groundwater levels are rising.However,due to the lower-than-designed replenishment volumes and the delayed response effect,the effectiveness of replenishment remains limited.Furthermore,iterative calculations of the new consumption and replenishment balance predict that with annual artificial replenishment volumes of 20 million m^(3) and 44.66 million m^(3),the lake surface area will reach 58.7 km^(2) and 71.9 km^(2),respectively,after 10 years.This study provides a basis for understanding surface water-groundwater transformation under changing conditions in inland basins and offers guidance for water resource protection and management in the

关 键 词：内陆湖 生态补水 岱海 交互作用 耗补平衡 

分 类 号：TV882.9[水利工程—水利水电工程] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]