成人注意缺陷多动障碍患者执行功能的4周正念和白噪音联合干预试验  

A 4-week mindfulness and white noise combined intervention trial on executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：王兰爽[1] 赵玉璞 冯佳良 WANG Lanshuang;ZHAO Yupu;FENG Jialiang(College of Education,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学教育学院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2024年第11期955-960,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：河北省高等学校人文社科重点项目(SD2022039)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨正念和白噪音联合干预对成人注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患者执行功能的改善效果。方法:选取成人ADHD患者45例,将其随机分为联合干预组、正念干预组和无干预组,联合干预组、正念干预组均进行正念干预,联合干预组同时加入白噪音,无干预组不施加任何干预措施。在基线及4周干预后使用N-back任务、Flanker任务、大小-奇偶转换任务、爱荷华博弈任务、ADHD评定量表测量工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性、情感决策及ADHD症状。结果:4周干预后,联合干预组的抑制控制和认知灵活性任务的正确率均高于正念干预组,而反应时均低于正念干预组(均P<0.05)。联合干预组、正念干预组工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性任务的正确率均高于无干预组,反应时及情感决策得分、ADHD总分及各维度得分均低于无干预组(均P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示,正念和白噪音联合干预在提高成人ADHD患者执行功能、减轻ADHD症状方面具有优势。Objective:To explore the improvement effect of combined intervention of mindfulness and white noise on executive function of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A total of 45 adult patients with ADHD were selected and randomly divided into a combined intervention group,a mindfulness intervention group,and a non-intervention group.Both the combined intervention group and the mindfulness intervention group underwent mindfulness intervention,while the combined intervention group simultaneously integrates white noise,the non-intervention group was not given any intervention measures.At baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention,N-back Task,Flanker task,More-odd Shifting Task,Iowa Gambling Task,and ADHD Rating Scale were used to measure working memory,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,emotional decision-making,and ADHD symptoms.Results:After 4 weeks of intervention,the accuracy rates of the inhibition control and cognitive flexibility tasks were higher in the combined intervention group than in the mindfulness intervention group,while the reaction times were lower(Ps<0.05).The accuracy rates of working memory,inhibition control,and cognitive flexibility tasks were higher in the combined intervention group and the mindfulness intervention group than in the non-intervention group,while the reaction times,emotional decision-making scores,total ADHD scores,and scores in all dimensions were lower in the combined intervention group and the mindfulness intervention group than in the non-intervention group(Ps<0.05).Conclusion:Mindfulness and white noise combined intervention has significant advantages in improving executive function and reducing ADHD symptoms of adult patients with ADHD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 成人 执行功能 正念 白噪音 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]