婴儿对情绪信息的加工:认知发展特征及脑机制  

Emotional information processing in infants:Cognitive development and neural mechanisms

作　　者：莫李澄 李奇[1] 张丹丹[1] MO Licheng;LI Qi;ZHANG Dandan(Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学脑与心理科学研究院,成都610066

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2024年第12期2100-2108,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32271102);国家社会科学重大项目(20&ZD153)资助。

摘　　要：语音韵律和面孔表情所传达的情绪性信息是人类解读他人情绪并进行人际互动的基础。探究婴儿对这两种载体所传达情绪信息的感知、辨别及评估,有利于加深对婴儿认知发展特征和脑机制的理解。本文系统回顾了婴儿情绪研究,发现颞叶和额叶皮层在婴儿情绪性语音和面孔表情加工中发挥着重要作用;尽管婴儿的情绪加工涉及大脑双侧半球,但已初步展现出了与成人类似的右半球优势。婴儿在出生后一周内即可分辨情绪信息,并表现出对正性情绪的加工偏向。婴儿在6月龄左右对情绪的加工偏向逐渐从正性向负性转变。12月龄时,婴儿的负性情绪偏向基本稳定,且能够理解情绪性语音和面孔中的情绪涵义,并据此指导自己的行为。基于这些发现,我们提出了“情绪偏向发展理论”。此外,视−听跨感官模态信息对于婴儿对特定情绪的辨别和理解起到积极的作用。The emotional information conveyed through phonological prosody and facial expressions forms the foundation for human interpretation of others'emotions and facilitates interpersonal interactions.Investigating how infants perceive,discriminate,and evaluate emotions embedded in these two modalities deepens our understanding of infants’cognitive development and neural mechanisms.This paper comprehensively reviews emotion processing in infants,revealing that the temporal and frontal cortex play crucial roles in processing emotional speech and facial expressions.Although emotional processing involves both brain hemispheres,infants initially show a right-hemisphere advantage similar to adults.Within the first week after birth,infants can distinguish emotional information and exhibit a processing bias toward positive emotions.The bias gradually shifts to favor negative emotions around six months of age.By twelve months,infants'negative emotional biases stabilize,and they can understand and respond to emotional cues from speech and facial expressions.Based on these findings,we propose the“Developmental Theory of Emotional Bias.”Importantly,cross-modal visual-auditory information significantly enhances infants'ability to discern and understand specific emotions.

关 键 词：婴儿 情绪加工 语音韵律 面孔表情 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]