历史上我国“香菇”异名使用情况探析——以地方志为主要资料  

Exploration and Analysis of Usage of Variant Names for“Xianggu(Fragrant Mushroom)”in China Historically-Taking Local Records as Major References

作　　者：梁诸英 张碧林 Liang Zhuying;Zhang Bilin

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国地方志》2024年第5期83-87,M0006,共6页China Local Records

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“近代长江中下游地区农业特产史料整理与研究”(项目批准号AHSKF2021D49)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：考诸地方志及其他史料可以发现,“香蕈”之名在元代就已出现,此后一直到民国时期都有使用。明清民国时期,随着香菇栽培的发展,“香菰”作为“香蕈”的俗称被广为使用。词语“香菇”“香菰”均出现在清民国时期的典籍中,二者意义读音相同,通常认为是“香蕈”的俗称。中华人民共和国成立后,随着汉字使用的规范化,“香菰”这一写法被“香菇”取代。“香菇”一词的出现和普及,不仅反映出菇民栽培香菇区域的拓展,也是特指人工栽培的特性,以区别于非人工的天然菌类。对“香菇”异名的讨论可以为大型字典、词典更准确解释“香菇”释义提供参考。Through local records and other historical references,we can discover that the name of"xiangxun(香草)"appeared already in Yuan Dynasty,and has been used all along till the Republican Period.During Ming and Qing Dynasty as well as Republican Period,along with development in xianggu(香菇)farming,"xianggu(香菰)"as a popular name for"xiangxun(香蕈)",was widely used.The words‘xianggu(香菇)"and"xianggu(香菰)"both appeared in books and records of Qing Dynasty and Republican Period.They have the same meaning and pronunciation,and are generally recognized as the popular names for"xiangxun(香草)".After the founding of the People's Republic of China,along with standardization of the usage of Chinese characters,the writing of"xianggu(香菰)"is replaced by"xianggu(香菇)".The appearance and popularization of the word"xianggu(香菇)"not only reflect the expansion of the xianggu farming areas,but also refer in particular to its artificial nature,in order to differentiate from non-artificial natural mushrooms.Discussions on variant names of"xianggu(香菇)"can provide references for more accurate definitions of"xianggu(香菇)"in large-scale dictionaries and lexicons.

关 键 词：香菇史 香蕈 香菰 香菌 地方志 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]