19世纪末以来拉美马克思主义史学的发展及其特点  

The Development and Characteristics of the Marxist Historiography in Latin America since the End of the 19^(th) Century

作　　者：王迪 Wang Di

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第5期1-15,174,共16页World History

基　　金：国家留学基金的资助。

摘　　要：拉美马克思主义史学是拉美史学的重要分支之一,其发展大致经历了四个阶段:第一阶段是从19世纪末至20世纪中期,革命知识分子运用唯物史观,围绕拉美贫困与落后的根源、西班牙殖民统治的遗产、独立战争的影响等主题展开探讨。第二阶段是从20世纪60年代至70年代,因拉美生产方式大辩论,研究者创造性地提出具有本土特色的生产方式理论。第三阶段是从20世纪80年代至20世纪末,由于拉美政治集体“右转”、新兴史学研究范式的崛起以及国际政治格局的演变,左翼思想受到冲击,马克思主义史学研究陷入严重危机。第四阶段是从21世纪初至今,左翼知识分子将传统的马克思主义研究方法与国际史学研究成果相结合,通过审视拉美左派的理论方针、政治运动、历史文化等,推动马克思主义史学复兴。拉美马克思主义史学发展历程表明,其兴衰演变与该地区政治社会变动、思想文化变迁,以及史学研究革新密切相关。The Marxist Historiography of Latin America is an important branch of the Latin American historiography and roughly experiences four stages of development.The first stage was from the late 19th century to the mid-2o"century.The revolutionary intllectuals used historical materialism to explore topics,such as the roots of poverty and backwardness in Latin America,the legacy of the Spanish colonialism,and the impact of the War of Independence.In the second stage spanning from the 1960s to the 1970s,due to the great debate on the mode of production in Latin America,researchers creatively proposed theories of the mode of production with local characteristics.The third stage was from the 1980s to the end of the 20"century.The left-wing ideas were under attack and the Marxist historiography fell into a serious crisis because of the collective‘right turn'of the Latin American politics,the rise of new historical paradigms,and the evolution of the international political structure.In the fourth stage,from the 21s century to the present,the left-wing intellectuals have combined traditional Marxist methods with international historical research,and promoted the revival of the Marxist historiography by examining the Latin American left-wing's theoretical guidelines,political movements,historical culture,etc.The development of the Latin American Marxist historiography demonstrates that its rise and decline were closely associated with the regional political and social transformation,intellectual and cultural evolution,as well as the innovations in historical research.

关 键 词：拉美史 马克思主义 左翼知识分子 古巴革命 新自由主义改革 

分 类 号：K73[历史地理—历史学] K097.3[历史地理—世界史] B73[哲学宗教—外国哲学]