热带海洋特色生态系统恢复重构与保护思考  

Thoughts on the restoration,reconstruction and protection of typical tropical marine ecosystems

作　　者：黄良民[1,2] 林强 谭烨辉[1,2] 黄小平 周林滨[1,2] 黄晖 HUANG Liangmin;LIN Qiang;TAN Yehui;HUANG Xiaoping;ZHOU Linbin;HUANG Hui(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2024年第6期1-12,共12页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42425004);国家重点研发项目(2022YFC3102400);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB452904);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047)。

摘　　要：热带海洋特色生态系统是指珊瑚礁、红树林、海草床等由独特生境与生物共同构成的生态系统,主要分布于全球热带亚热带海区;其特点是物质循环效率高,生态功能独特,具有丰富的生物多样性和极高生产力,历来是海洋科学研究和资源利用与保护的重点对象。然而,受人类活动和全球气候变化等多重压力影响,这些生态系统的退化趋势日益凸显。如何恢复热带海洋特色生态系统的功能,促进它们的可持续发展并造福人类,引起了学界和国际社会的高度关注。本文阐述了世界热带海洋特色生态系统的分布格局、退化趋势及其影响因素,分析了我国珊瑚礁、红树林、海草床生态系统的分布现状和生物多样性特点,并以珊瑚礁生态系统为重点,探讨了热带海洋特色生态系统退化的原因,以及目前我国开展修复和保护的有关行动措施。根据全球生物多样性保护行动计划,结合我国的实际情况,提出热带海洋特色生态系统恢复重构与保护的对策建议:1)建议国家组建南海特色生态系统研究中心、智能监测监控系统、专项数据库和专家智库;2)设立热带海洋特色生态系统恢复与保护示范区,组织多学科领域专家联合开展研究—试验—示范—评估—推广—监控;3)健全政策法规,加强执法管理,重视科普教育,提高公众环保意识,形成社会自觉行动。这些将为加强热带海洋特色生态系统及其生物多样性的保护和管理,维护其可持续发展和落实《昆明–蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》提出的30×30目标提供参考。Typical tropical marine ecosystems are composed of unique habitats and organisms,such as coral reefs,mangroves and seagrass beds.These ecosystems are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical marine areas worldwide.It is characterized by high material cycling efficiency,unique ecological functions,rich biodiversity and extremely high productivity,and thus a key object of marine scientific research and resource utilization.Under the multiple pressures of human activities and global changes,its degradation trend has become increasingly prominent.How to restore the function of these typical ecosystems and maintain their sustainable development for the benefit of mankind has attracted increasing amounts of attention from the academic community and the international society.In this paper,the distribution patterns,degradation trends and influencing factors of such typical marine ecosystems in the world are described,with an emphasis on the distribution patterns and biodiversity characteristics of coral reef,mangrove and seagrass bed ecosystems in China.Focusing on coral reef ecosystems,this paper discusses the causes of degradation in the ecosystems and relevant action measurements for restoration and protection in China.According to the global action plan for biodiversity conservation and the actual situation of China,countermeasures and suggestions for the restoration,reconstruction and protection of the typical marine ecosystems were proposed:1) Establishment of a research center for typical ecosystems in the South China Sea,an intelligent monitoring system and database,and an expert think tank;2) establishing a demonstration zone for the restoration and protection of the typical marine ecosystems,and inviting experts from multiple disciplines to work together on research-experimentation-demonstration-estimate--promotion-monitor;and 3) optimizing policies and regulations,strengthening law enforcement and management,increasing efforts in science popularization and education,raising public awareness of environmen

关 键 词：特色生态系统 分布格局 生态系统 退化 恢复与保护 珊瑚礁 红树林 海草床 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]