氯胺酮治疗物质使用障碍研究进展  

Research progress on ketamine for the treatment of substance use disorders

作　　者：付廷翰 刘寰忠[1] 张凯[1] FU Tinghan;LIU Huanzhong;ZHANG Kai(Department of Psychiatry,Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 238000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院精神科,合肥238000 [2]安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院

出　　处：《中国神经精神疾病杂志》2024年第10期627-631,共5页Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases

基　　金：安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究重点项目(编号:2023AH050647)。

摘　　要：物质使用障碍是由于过度依赖和滥用精神活性物质而引起的复杂健康状况,但目前的治疗方法有限且效果一般,亟需新的治疗方法。近年临床研究发现氯胺酮在酒精使用障碍、可卡因使用障碍、阿片类物质使用障碍等物质使用障碍的治疗中,对控制复吸率、减轻戒断反应等方面有良好效果。基础研究证明氯胺酮通过改变神经可塑性、调节神经功能网络,起到治疗效果。然而氯胺酮的使用可能导致血压升高和精神症状等不良反应,并有潜在的成瘾性,但目前的临床研究对其安全性持乐观态度。氯胺酮作为一种快速起效、作用机制新颖的药物,还需深入研究其获益与风险,为物质使用障碍的治疗提供安全有效的新方法。Substance use disorder is a complex health condition characterized by excessive dependence and abuse of psychoactive substances.Current treatments are few and generally ineffective,and new treatment methods are urgently needed.In recent years,ketamine has been found to be effective in the treatment of substance use disorders in controlling relapse rates and reducing withdrawal reactions in clinical studies.Basic research has shown that ketamine has a therapeutic effect by altering neuroplasticity and modulating neurofunctional networks.However,the use of ketamine may lead to side effects such as increased blood pressure and psychiatric symptoms,and potential addiction.But current clinical studies are optimistic about its safety.As a fast-acting drug with a novel mechanism of action,ketamine needs to be studied in depth to explore its benefits and risks,thereby providing a safe and effective new method for the treatment of substance use disorders.

关 键 词：物质使用障碍 氯胺酮 酒精使用障碍 可卡因使用障碍 阿片类物质使用障碍 神经可塑性脑源性神经营养因子 不良反应 

分 类 号：R749.6[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]