虞廷十六字心传辨正及思想变迁——基于欲望的认知及治疗视角  

Clarification and Transition of the Sixteen Words of Mind Theory of Yu Ting-From the Perspective of Desire Perception and Therapy

作　　者：张昭炜 Zhang Zhaowei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第11期118-126,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项“中国式现代化的传统文化底蕴及时代创新研究”(23JD710027)。

摘　　要：出自《尚书·大禹谟》的虞廷十六字心传是宋明理学的重要基础。基于人心之欲与道心之理的二元对立,理学家发展出存理遏欲的欲望治疗方案。在明清之际反理学的思潮下,阎若璩质疑十六字心传是后人袭用《荀子》伪作,这对于宋明理学无疑是釜底抽薪。考辨阎若璩所论可知,其论点与论证均不足以支撑其论断,反而可以说明荀子继承发挥了十六字心传,并影响了宋明理学。十六字心传是尧舜禹所传的外王政治之道。结合《尚书·大禹谟》十六字心传的上下文,通过尧舜禹的为君治民之法、大禹伐有苗,引入汉唐的权威注疏,可判别出道心、人心、允中为三元关系,属于允许欲望适度释放的治疗方案。综合中国哲学形成发展史,宋明理学的欲望认知及治疗与荀子具有相似性,并受佛教禁欲刺激,发展出存理遏欲的观点,侧重于个体修身的内圣;三代尧舜禹、汉唐权威注疏倾向于欲望的适度释放,侧重于国家政治的外王。尽管内圣与外王具有一致性,但是两者属于不同的欲望治疗方案,且应用场景亦不同。The sixteen words of passing mind of Yu Ting from Shang Shu Da Yu Mo was the basic text of the Neo-Confucianism.Based on the binary opposition between the desire and the principle,the Neo-Confucianists developed the therapy of desire by cherishing the principle and restraining the desire.Under the trend of opposing Neo-Confucianism between the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Yan Ruoqu challenged that the sixteen words of mind theory of Yu Ting was a fake copy of Xun Zi,which was undoubtedly the basis for the rational suppression of Neo-Confucianism.From investigating Yan Ruoqu’s challenge,it can be found that his proposition and argument were not sufficient enough to support his conclusion.On the contrary,it can be said that Xun Zi inherited the sixteen words of mind theory,and affected Neo-Confucianism.The sixteen words of mind theory was the way of governance taught by Yao,Shun and Yu.From the context of Yao,Shun and Yu’s way of governance,and the context of sixteen words of mind theory in Shang Shu Da Yu Mo,and relying on the authoritative annotation of the Han and Tang Dynasties,it can also prove the triple relationship among the heart of Taoism,the heart of the people and upholding the mean,which was the therapy that allowed the appropriate release of desire.Summing up the history of the formation and development of Chinese philosophy,the perspective of desire and therapy of desire of Xun Zi and Neo-Confucianism were similar,affected by Buddhist abstinence,which developed the idea of advocating the principle while containing the desire,focusing on inner sage;Yao,Shun and Yu of the three dynasties and the authoritative annotations of Han and Tang Dynasties allowed the appropriate release of desire,focusing on the outer king of national politics.Though inner sage and outer king were of similarity,they belonged to different therapies,and were applied in different scenarios.

关 键 词：十六字心传 《荀子·解蔽》 存理遏欲 阎若璩 欲望治疗 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]