2021年沂水县中小学生近视与影响因素的调查与分析  

Myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students students in Yishui County, 2021

作　　者：王倩倩 刘炳其 WANG Qianqian;LIU Bingqi(Yishui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]沂水县疾病预防控制中心,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第8期585-588,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 通过对沂水县1 512名学生的视力影响因素调查,了解沂水县中小学生近视发病情况,分析近视形成的影响因素。方法 设计沂水县青少年视力检查和调查表,调查沂水县2所小学、2所初中、1所高中学生近视情况。采用班级整群抽样的方法,将调查问卷中近视影响因素进行χ^(2)检验和logistic回归分析。结果 2021年小学、初中、高中的近视率分别为52.07%、82.32%、91.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=210.055,P<0.01);男生近视患病率68.94%,女生近视患病率75.56%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.205,P<0.01);校内用眼环境、校外用眼环境、读写姿势、电子屏幕使用时间、近距离用眼习惯5个方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。每日眼保健操次数<2次、课间休息活动地点在室内、放学后作业时间≥1 h、过去1周平均每天用电脑时间≥1 h 4个因素是沂水县中小学生近视的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 随着学生年龄增长学生近视率上升,沂水县学生近视与校内、外用眼环境,读写姿势、电子屏幕使用时间、近距离用眼习惯因素有关。应采取加强宣传教育、早期筛查、早期干预的综合措施加以控制。Objective This study explored the incidence of myopia among primary and secondary school students,and analyzed the factors influencing myopia formation and eyesight in 1512 students in Yishui County.Methods A visual examination and survey form for teenagers was designed and used to investigate students’myopia status at two primary schools,two junior high schools,and one high school in Yishui County.With a class cluster sampling method,the factors affecting myopia in the survey questionnaire were analyzed with theχ^(2) test and logistic regression analysis.Results The myopia rates among primary,middle,and high schools in 2021 were 52.07%,82.32%,and 91.89%,respectively,and showed statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=210.055,P<0.01).The prevalence of myopia in was 68.94%in boys and 75.56%in girls and showed a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=8.205,P<0.01).Moreover,statistically significant differences were observed in five aspects of the environment for using eyes inside and outside the school,namely,reading and writing posture,electronic screen usage time,and close range eye habits(all P<0.01).The four factors affecting myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yishui County were performing eye exercises fewer than two times per day,indoor location of recess activities,homework time after school≥1 hour,and average daily computer time≥1 hour in the past week(P<0.05).Conclusions Myopia rate increased with age among students.Myopia among students in Yishui County was associated with factors such as the environment for using eyes inside and outside the school,reading and writing posture,electronic screen usage time,and close range eye habits.Comprehensive control measures should be taken,such as strengthening publicity and education,early screening,and early intervention.

关 键 词：近视 学生 影响因素 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]