教育家精神生成的理想类型模式——基于蔡元培、吴玉章、朱九思的案例  

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作　　者：孙华[1] Sun Hua

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学教育学部,西安710128

出　　处：《江苏高教》2024年第11期7-15,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学一般课题“世界一流大学荣誉教育的比较研究”(BIA200179)。

摘　　要：教育家精神一定是体现在教育家的教育实践中的,所以,教育家与教育家精神是一枚硬币的两面,它们不可分割。教育家精神本质上是一种高层级的行业德行,是那些极为优秀的教育工作者之个体情怀、职业理念及其实践能力的综合呈现,我们也可以视其为理想的教育工作者人格体系。教育家精神的培养、弘扬和践行对我国教育事业发展与改革极为重要,所以探究教育家精神的生成机制,同样是发展和探索教育理论的题中之义。借助心理学关于个性心理特征理论,以理想类型模式为工具,我们从早年经历与教育背景、哲学观点与政治主张、学术敏锐与格局担当三个层面探究蔡元培、吴玉章和朱九思三位著名教育家的精神谱系、主要特征及其形成规律。研究发现,早年的生活历练和学术训练对教育家的人格形成和精神发轫具有基础性价值;教育家的哲学取向决定其教育实践的风格,政治追求影响其精神的特质,而必要的学术敏锐性和个体的格局担当则是最终生成教育家精神的重要影响因素。The spirit of an educationist must be embodied in the educationist's educational practice. Therefore, educationist and the spirit of an educationist are two sides of the same coin, and they are inseparable. The spirit of an educationist is essentially a set of high-level professional virtues, which is a comprehensive presentation of individual temperament, professional philosophy and practical ability of an excellent educationist, and we can also regard it as the ideal personality system of an educationist. The cultivation, promotion and practice of the educationist spirit is extremely important to the development and reform of China's educational cause. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of the formation of educationist spirit is also the subject of developing and exploring educational theories. With the help of psychological theories on psychological traits of personality and the adoption of the ideal type model, we explore the spiritual genealogy, main characteristics and the formation patterns of Cai Yuanpei, Wu Yuzhang and Zhu Jiusi, three famous educationists, from three perspectives: their early experience and educational background, philosophical viewpoints and political opinions, as well as their academic insight and individual commitment and responsibility. It is found that early life experience and academic training are of fundamental value for the formation of these educationists' personality and spiritual development;the educationists' philosophical orientation determines the style of their educational practice;the political pursuit influences their spiritual qualities and the necessary academic insight and individual commitment and responsibility are important factors for what ultimately becomes the educationist spirit.

关 键 词：教育家精神 理想类型模式 个性心理特征理论 案例研究 生成机制 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]