二倍体及其同源四倍体苦荞种子表型与发芽特性研究  

Study on Seed Phenotypes and Germination Characteristics of Diploid and Autotetraploid Fagopyrum tataricum

作　　者：廉立坤 张培[3] 吴晓芬 陈庆富 张以忠[5] LIAN Likun;ZHANG Pei;WU Xiaofen;CHEN Qingfu;ZHANG Yizhong(School of Mining Engineering,Guizhou University of Engineering Science,Bijie,Guizhou 551700;Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;Zhuhai No.3 High School,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519000;The Second Affiliated Hospital,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;School of Ecological Engineering,Guizhou University of Engineering Science,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州工程应用技术学院矿业工程学院,贵州毕节551700 [2]贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]珠海市第三中学,广东珠海519000 [4]贵州中医药大学第二附属医院,贵州贵阳550001 [5]贵州工程应用技术学院生态工程学院,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第11期1-7,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系荞麦育种岗位科学家专项资金项目“荞麦育种”(CARS-07-A5);云南科技重大专项与重点研发项目“云南特色杂粮作物专用品种选育及关键技术研究”(202202AE090020);毕节市科学技术局-贵州工程应用技术学院联合项目“威宁草海荞麦耐盐基因的筛选及其功能分析”(毕科联合字-贵工程[2021]05);毕节市科学技术项目(联合基金项目)“毕节特色作物种质资源收集和鉴定及重要功能基因发掘”(毕科联合[2023]21)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明二倍体与同源四倍体苦荞种子的表型与发芽特征变化,为多倍体苦荞育种提供依据。【方法】采用化学方法对武岗苦荞、WN065、二季早、黔威1号、晋苦2号和六荞1号6个二倍体苦荞种质诱导加倍获得6个同源四倍体苦荞种质,以二倍体苦荞为对照,对比分析同源四倍体苦荞种子的表型(千粒重、长度、宽度)与发芽特征(吸水率及发芽率)变化。【结果】6个二倍体苦荞种子的平均千粒重、长度和宽度分别为18.97 g、4.83 mm和3.81 mm,其同源四倍体苦荞种子的分别为25.57 g、6.46 mm和4.76 mm,极显著高于二倍体苦荞(P<0.01);吸水12 h种子的平均吸水率二倍体苦荞为51.00%,四倍体苦荞为62.39%,差异极显著;发芽5 d种子发芽率二倍体苦荞为97.11%,四倍体苦荞为86.06%,差异极显著。【结论】二倍体苦荞经加倍处理后,其同源四倍体苦荞种子的千粒重、长度、宽度与吸水率均极显著提高,但种子发芽率极显著降低。【Objective】The changes of phenotypes and germination characteristics of diploid and autotetraploid Fagopyrum tataricum seeds were explored to provide basis for the breeding of polyploid F.tataricum.【Method】The chemical method was used to induce and double 6 diploid F.tataricum germplasms(Wugang tartary buckwheat,WN065,Erjizao,Qianwei 1,Jinku 2 and Liuqiao 1)to obtain 6 autotetraploid F.tataricum germplasms.Taking the diploid F.tataricum as the control,the changes of phenotypes(1000-grain weight,length,width)and germination characteristics(water absorption and germination rate)of autotetraploid F.tataricum seeds were compared and analyzed.【Result】The average 1000-grain weight,length and width of 6 diploid F.tataricum seeds was 18.97 g,4.83 mm and 3.81 mm,respectively,while that of 6 autotetraploid F.tataricum seeds was 25.57 g,6.46 mm and 4.76 mm,which were obviously significantly higher than diploid F.tataricum(P<0.01).The average water absorption rate of diploid F.tataricum that absorbed water for 12 hours was 51.00%,while that of autotetraploid F.tataricum was 62.39%,showing extremely significant difference.The germination rate of F.tataricum that germinated for 5 days was 97.11%,while that of autotetraploid F.tataricum was 86.06%,indicating very significant difference.【Conclusion】After the treatment of doubling diploid F.tataricum,the 1000-grain weight,length,width and absorption rate of autotetraploid F.tataricum are very significantly increased,but the germination rate is significantly reduced.

关 键 词：苦荞 二倍体 四倍体 种子 表型 吸水率 发芽率 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]