马克思对现代国家的三重批判——以“法国革命”为中心的考察  

Marx's Triple Critique of Modern States:A Study Centered on the French Revolution

作　　者：张小龙 ZHANG Xiaolong(School of Marxism,Yunnan University)

机构地区：[1]云南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第5期55-66,共12页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国式现代化的历史唯物主义元叙事研究”(23XKS008);云南省哲学社会科学规划(省社科研究基地项目)“唯物史观视域下‘马克思历史政治文献’内涵及其当代价值研究”(QN202103)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思在《法兰西阶级斗争》和《雾月十八日》中对资本主义现代国家进行了深入细致的剖析与批判。在解构现代国家理论的过程中,马克思把历史唯物主义运用到对具体国家的分析当中,揭示出作为寄生机体的现代国家是资产阶级维护自身利益的统治工具,认为法国政治权力结构的真实面孔是立法权和行政权的“二权对立”,同时批判了波拿巴以“拿破仑观念”为核心构筑起来的“观念拜物教”。研究马克思对当时法国革命过程中不断更迭的政治变化的思考,有助于深化对历史唯物主义的认识,并对建构马克思政治哲学具有重要的现实意义。Marx conducted in-depth and detailed analysis and criticism of the capitalist modern state established by the French Revolution in his works Class Struggle in France and Eighteenth Brumaire,which is of great significance for constructing the critical theory of Marxism and its theory of the state.In the process of deconstructing modern state theory,Marx applied historical materialism to the analysis of specific countries,revealing that the modern state,as a parasitic organism,is a tool for the bourgeoisie to maintain its own interests.He believed that the true face of France's political power structure is the“two power opposition”between legislative and executive powers,and criticized Bonaparte's“conceptual fetishism”constructed with the“Napoleonic concept”as its core.Studying Marx,relying on the constantly changing political changes during the French Revolution at that time,helps deepen our understanding of historical materialism,and contributes to our criticism of contemporary capitalist countries.It has important practical significance for truly constructing Marx's political philosophy.

关 键 词：马克思 法国革命 现代国家 政治权力结构 “观念拜物教” 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]